甘肃金水湖国家湿地公园景观自然性的时空异质性

Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of landscape naturalness in Jinshui Lake National Wetland Park of Gansu Province

景观自然性体现了各景观要素的时空分布格局,对提高生态系统的整体性和稳定性有重要意义.通过解译2003年、2009年和2015年3个时相的遥感影像,利用GIS和层次分析法,研究了甘肃金川金水湖国家湿地公园景观自然性变化规律.结果表明:随着时间的变化,景观结构中景观多样性指数、均匀度指数、斑块丰富度呈增加趋势,景观优势度、景观分离度呈减小趋势;提供栖息地、植物群落维持功能、面积加权平均斑块分维数、植被覆盖度等生态功能指标呈增大趋势;人工干扰指数、人工景观平均面积等生态学干扰指标呈减小趋势,湿地公园的景观自然性指数由2003年的0.4761增加至2015年的0.7485.湿地公园保育和恢复工程的实施改变了土地覆被结构,增强了生态系统的稳定性、生态弹性和服务价值,较大程度上提高了金水湖国家湿地公园的景观自然性.

Landscape naturalness reflects the spatial and temporal distribution of landscape elements, which is of great significance to improve ecosystem integrity and stability. Using GIS and AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process), we analyzed the changes of landscape naturalness in Jinchuan Jinshui Lake National Wetland Park of Gansu Province by interpreting the remote sensing images in 2003, 2009, and 2015. The results showed that landscape diversity index, evenness index and patch richness increased over time, while landscape dominance and landscape separation decreased. Most ecological function indices increased, including habitat provision, function maintenance of plant community, weighted average patch fractal dimension of area, and vegetation coverage increased. The ecological disturbance indices such as artificial disturbance index and average area of artificial landscape showed decreasing trends. The landscape naturalness index of wetland parks increased from 0.4761 in 2003 to 0.7485 in 2015. The implementation of wetland park conservation and restoration project changed land cover structure, enhanced the stability, ecological elasticity and service value of ecosystem, and greatly improved the landscape naturalness of Jinshui Lake National Wetland Park.