南方滨海地区盐雾沉降的时空分布——以福建古雷半岛为例

Spatiotemporal distribution of salt spray deposition in the coastal areas of South China: A case study of the Gulei Peninsula,Fujian

研究滨海地区盐雾沉降的时空分布及其影响因素,以期为滨海绿化植物的选择与配置提供依据.以福建省古雷半岛为研究站点,设置盐雾沉降缸研究离海岸线距离和防护林对盐雾沉降量的影响;同时模拟不同生活型植物的高度,研究不同高度盐雾沉降量的差异.结果表明:春夏秋冬四季,盐雾沉降量均表现出随离海距离的增加逐渐降低的趋势,冬季盐雾沉降量在离海岸线500 m内快速下降,在500 m以外则下降速度趋缓;防护林的存在能减少盐雾沉降量,这种效果在盐雾危害严重的冬季更明显,可使盐雾沉降量降低15.4%;在无防护林遮挡条件下,盐雾沉降量在不同高度上差异不显著;主成分分析(PCA)和冗余分析(RDA)显示,离海距离、平均风速和东北风向频率是3个影响盐雾沉降量的主要环境因子.南方沿海地区盐雾沉降量存在明显的时空变化,离海500 m范围为盐雾危害重点防范区域,防护林或类似遮挡物的存在,可以显著减少盐雾沉降量.

Salt spray is one of the main factors affecting plant growth in coastal areas. This study aimed to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of salt spray deposition and its driving factors, and provide scientific basis for the selection and configuration of coastal greening plants. The experiment was conducted along the coast of the Gulei Peninsula, Fujian. The experimental sites were divided into zones with and without shelterbelts. Cylinders were used to measure salt spray deposition at a variety of distances from the shoreline. Cylinders were installed at different heights in shelterbelt free areas to measure the salt spray deposition variation. Our results showed that salt spray deposition decreased as the distance from the shoreline increases. During the winter, salt spray deposition decreased rapidly with distance closer than 500 m from the shoreline. The rate of decrease finished at longer distances. The shelterbelt significantly reduced salt spray deposition, with a 15.4% decrease in winter. At the sites without shelterbelt, there was no significant difference in deposition among locations at different heights. Results from the principal component and redundancy analyses showed that distance from the shoreline, wind speed, and frequency of a northwest wind were key factors driving salt spray deposition. We concluded that shelterbelt construction was an effective measure to protect plants from ocean salt water vapor.