生态环境损害赔偿磋商中的第三者:功能与保障——聚焦七省改革办法

The Third Party in Consultation of Compensation for Eco-environmental Damage——Focus on the Reform Measures of the Seven Provinces

根据七省已公布的关于生态环境损害赔偿磋商的办法,第三者来源包括调解组织、环保专家、律师、公众、环保组织、检察院派出人员等;并针对不同身份设置诸如委托、选择、邀请、申请、商请、推荐等方式。因为《生态环境损害赔偿制度改革试点方案》以及《生态环境损害赔偿制度改革方案》在针对第三者参与赔偿磋商问题上导向模糊,且与《环境保护法》确定旨意偏离,而地方省份延续改革要求,故在具体实施办法中共同存在不同类型第三者参与磋商的应然功能不明、多重门槛阻拦其实际参与等问题。为此,依据第三者的知识能力、与生态环境损害的紧密程度等因素,将其分为磋商必需人员、实体利害关系人员、利益相关人员和事务性人员,分别赋予过程监督、执行监督和结果监督功能,并设置统一的参与方式和保障机制,实现从"受邀"或"选择"参加回归至权利参加。

According to the consultative methods on compensation for ecological environment damage published by seven provinces,the third party includes mediation organizations,environmental experts,lawyers,the public,environmental protection organizations,procuratorate dispatched personnel,etc.,and different identity settings such as entrustment,selection,invitation,application,consultation,recommendation and so on. Because the pilot scheme for the reform of the ecological environment damage compensation system and the scheme for the reform of the ecological environment damage compensation system are vague in guiding the third party to participate in the compensation consultation,and deviate from the purpose of the Environmental Protection Law. As local provinces continue to reform,there are some problems in the specific implementation methods,such as unclear functions of different types of third party participation in consultation,multiple barriers to their actual participation,and so on. Therefore,according to the knowledge and ability of the third party and the close degree of damage to the ecological environment,the third party can be divided into necessary personnel,the most closely related personnel,affairs personnel and stakeholders,who are endowed with the functions of process supervision,execution supervision and result supervision respectively,and a unified mode of participation and safeguard mechanism are set up to realize the return from"invited"or"selected"participation to right participation.