2015—2018年武汉市某区小学生法定报告传染病流行特征分析

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of infectious diseases in statutory reports of primary school students in a district of Wuhan, 2015-2018

目的了解武汉市某区小学生法定报告传染病发病情况和流行特征,为学校开展针对性的防控工作提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果2015—2018年武汉市某区共报告小学生法定乙、丙类传染病13种2202例,无死亡病例报告,报告发病数居前3位的病种依次为流行性感冒、流行性腮腺炎、手足口病,占报告总数的78.62%。全年有2个发病高峰,分别为5~6月、12月~次年1月。男女性别比为1.36∶1,不同年份不同年龄的学生发病构成差异有统计学意义(χ^2值=97.837,P<0.01),7岁发病数最多,流行性感冒是9岁以下小学生发病的首位病种,9岁及以上小学生为流行性腮腺炎。传播途径以呼吸道传染病为主,其次为肠道传染病,差异有统计学意义(χ^2值=166.300,P<0.01)。结论9岁以下小学生重点防控的传染病为流行性感冒,9岁及以上小学生为流行性腮腺炎。7岁小学生为学校传染病防控的重点人群。

Objective To understand the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of infectious diseases in the statutory reports of primary school students in a district of Wuhan, and to provide evidence for schools to carry out targeted prevention and control work. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were utilized for data analysis. Results A total of 2 202 cases of 13 infectious diseases of types B and C were reported in this district of Wuhan from 2015-2018. There were no reports of deaths. The top three diseases reported were influenza, mumps, and hand, foot and mouth disease, accounting for 78.62% of the total number of cases. There were 2 peak incidences throughout the year, from May to June, and from December to January. The male-female ratio was 1.36 ∶ 1. There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of the infectious diseases in different years among different age groups (χ^2=97.837, P <0.01). The highest incidence was at 7 years old. Influenza ranked first place in students below 9 years old, while mumps was most common in students aged above 9. The main route of transmission was through respiratory infection, followed by intestinal infection, and the difference between transmission routes was statistically significant (χ^2=166.300, P <0.01). Conclusion Influenza was the main infectious disease to target for prevention and control for students below 9 years old, while mumps was the key disease for students aged 9 and above. Students of 7 years old were the key population of prevention and control of infectious diseases in schools.