2013—2017年深圳市某区慢性阻塞性肺疾病监测分析报告

Analysis report on monitoring of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a District of Shenzhen City, 2013-2017

目的了解深圳市某区慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)住院患者的流行特征和疾病负担情况,为慢性阻塞性肺疾病的预防和干预提供科学依据。方法回顾性分析辖区2013—2017年5年间某综合医院收治的1509例住院COPD患者的临床资料、构成比和率的比较卡方检验。结果1509例慢性阻塞性肺疾病住院患者中,男性1159例,女性350例,男女比例3.31∶1;患者平均年龄(73.58±12.57)岁,多集中在60岁以上;不同性别的病死率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),不同年龄组和分型对疾病的预后差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);存在合并症的占98.14%(1481例),主要合并症前5顺位分别是心血管病、感染、哮喘、肿瘤、支气管扩张;死亡病例中,较常见的是合并感染、肿瘤、心血管病;患者平均住院天数20d,其中多为8~14d537人(35.59%);平均住院费用28128元,其中多为5000~10000元523人(34.66%)。结论COPD在高年龄段多发,且男性患者多于女性,合并症在COPD患者中普遍存在,疾病负担较大,高风险病例分型、合并感染、肿瘤、心血管病以及年龄较大的患者死亡人数较多,应采取有效措施积极预防。

Objective To understand the prevalence and disease burden of hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to provide scientific basis for prevention and intervention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods The clinical data of 1 509 hospitalized patients with COPD admitted to a general hospital in a district from 2013 to 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The chi-square test was used to compare the ratios. Results Among the 1 509 hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, there were 1 159 males and 350 females, and the male to female ratio was 3.31 ∶ 1. The average age of patients was 73.58±12.57 years old, with most being over 60 years old. There was no difference in the mortality between different genders( P >0.05). The prognosis of the disease was significantly different in different age groups and classifications ( P <0.01). 98.14%( 1 481 ) of the patients developed complications. The top 5 major complications were cardiovascular disease, infection, asthma, tumor, and bronchiectasis. Among the death cases, the common ones were co-infection, tumor, and cardiovascular disease. The average hospital stay was 20 days, of which 537(35.59%) were 8 to 14 days. The average hospitalization cost was 28 128 yuan, of which 523(34.66%) patients had a hospitalization cost of 5 000 yuan to 10 000 yuan. Conclusion COPD was more common in the elder groups, and male patients were more than females. Complications were common in patients with COPD, which caused a large disease burden. High-risk case classification, co-infection, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and older patients had more deaths. Effective measures should be taken to prevent it actively.