武汉地区体检人群超重肥胖流行现状与多因素分析

The prevalence and multivariate analysis of overweight and obesity in physical examination population in Wuhan

目的了解武汉地区体检人群超重、肥胖的流行现状,探讨体检人群超重、肥胖与脂肪肝、空腹血糖及血脂等关系。方法对2018年在武汉大学中南医院体检中心的31558名体检人员进行研究,测量其身高、体重、血压;检测空腹血糖、血尿酸、血脂[总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C),计算体重指数(BMI),行腹部超声检查,分析超重肥胖与脂肪肝、空腹血糖及血脂等的关系。结果体检人员中男17901人(56.72%)、女13657人(43.28%),其中男女超重肥胖率分别为26.57%、8.02%;男性的超重肥胖发病率高于女性,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=2741.318;P<0.001);年龄在40~50岁及50~60岁男性体检者中超重肥胖发病率较高,分别为57.96%及58.22%;而女性则随着年龄增长,其超重肥胖发病率逐渐上升,年龄≥70岁女性超重肥胖发病率高达41.50%。随着BMI增高,男性比例、脂肪肝发病率、收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖、血尿酸、TC、TG、LDL-C的水平明显升高,HDL-C的水平下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。Spearman相关性分析显示超重肥胖与男性、脂肪肝、空腹血糖、收缩压、舒张压、血尿酸、TC、TG、LDL-C呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.317、0.532、0.237、0.308、0.267、0.385、0.142、0.400、0.190,与HDL-C呈负相关(r=-0.382)。结论武汉地区体检人群超重肥胖发病率较高,且超重肥胖患者多合并高血压、脂肪肝、2型糖尿病等慢性代谢性疾病,因此加强对超重肥胖的控制,对提高人们的身体综合素质及慢性病的防治具有重要意义。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity, and to explore the relationship between overweight and obesity with fatty liver, fasting blood glucose and blood lipids in physical examination population. Methods The height, weight and blood pressure of 31 558 subjects were measured at the physical examination center of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University in 2018. The fasting blood glucose, blood uric acid, and blood lipids [total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)] were measured. The abdominal ultrasound examination was conducted, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The relationship between overweight and obesity with fatty liver, fasting blood sugar and blood lipids, etc. was analyzed. Results There were 17 901 (56.72%) males and 13 677 females(43.28%)examined in this study. The prevalence of overweight and obesity rate was higher in males than that in females (26.57% vs 8.02%,χ^2= 2 741.318;P <0.001). The 40 to 50 and 50 to 60 years old male patients had high prevalence of overweight and obesity, which were 57.96% and 58.22% respectively. Overweight and obesity prevalence in females increased rapidly with age. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in women aged ≥70 years was up to 41.50%. The proportion of male, incidence of fatty liver, the levels of systolic pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, blood uric acid, TC, TG, and LDL-C increased with BMI, while the level of HDL-C decreased with BMI ( P < 0.001). Spearman correlation analysis showed that overweight and obesity were positively correlated with male, fatty liver, fasting blood glucose, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, blood uric acid, TC, TG, and LDL-C, with correlation coefficients of 0.317,0.532,0.237,0.308,0.267,0.385, 0.142,0.400 and 0.190,but were negatively correlated with HDL-C( r =-0.382). Conclusion The prevalence of overweight and obesity was high in Wuhan. Moreover, overweight and obese patients were often associated with hypertension, fatty liver, type 2 diabetes and other chronic metabolic diseases. Therefore, it is of great significance to strengthen the control of overweight and obesity, improve people′s overall physical quality and prevent and cure chronic diseases.