海口市居民蚊媒防治知识态度行为现状调查

Knowledge, attitude and practice concerning control of mosquito vectors in residents of Haikou

目的了解海口市居民有关蚊媒防制知识、态度和行为情况,为今后更好地开展有针对性的干预措施提供依据。方法采用统一设计的调查问卷,于2017年7-9月在海口市4个区各随机选择两个调查点,每个调查点随机抽取约150个家庭,每个家庭选一位18岁以上的成人作为调查对象进行答卷。结果本次调查共发放问卷1 020份,回收有效问卷988份,有效问卷回收率为96.9%。居民蚊虫防治知识总知晓率为54.8%,其中城区居民总知晓率为58.9%,郊区居民为50.6%,城区居民知晓率显著高于郊区(P<0.05)。不同人口特征(性别、地区、文化程度、年龄和职业)的居民对蚊媒防治知识的知晓率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。81.2%的居民意识到蚊虫叮咬会传播疾病,分别有67.1%、52.7%及31.5%知道登革热、疟疾和寨卡病毒病由蚊虫传播。63.8%知道蚊子有雌雄之分,33.6%知道雌蚊吸血。防治态度方面,51.1%的居民迫切希望政府和社区增加灭蚊次数,86.1%的居民认为非常有必要防蚊灭蚊。结论目前海口市居民的蚊媒防治知识需要进一步提高,卫生防疫部门与地方政府应重视开展蚊媒及其传播疾病的健康教育活动。

Objective To understand the knowledge,attitude and behavior associated with controlling of mosquito vectors in Haikou residents.Methods Unified questionnaire survey was conducted in eight selected areas from the 4 districts in Haikou City in July to September 2017,and about 150 families were randomly chosen from each of the eight areas and a member aged above 18 years was interviewed and responsible for complete the questionnaire.Results Totally 988 copies of effective questionnaires were recovered accounted for 96.9%(988/1 020).The total awareness rate of mosquito control knowledge was 54.8%.The awareness rate of urban residents(58.9%)was significantly higher than suburban residents(50.6%)(P<0.05).There was significant difference(P<0.05)in the awareness rate of mosquito vector control knowledge among residents with different emographic characteristics(gender,region,educational level,age and occupation).81.2% interviewee knew that mosquito bites could cause the spread of disease,and 67.1%,52.7% and 31.5% knew that dengue fever,malaria and Zika virus disease were transmitted by mosquitoes,respectively.63.8% of people knew that there were male and female mosquitoes and33.6% knew that female adult mosquitoes taking blood.In mosquito control attitudes,51.1% of residents were eager that local governments and communities should increase frequency of mosquito control;86.1% of the residents believed that mosquito control was very necessary in life.Conclusion At present,the mosquito control knowledge of residents in Haikou needs further improvement.Disease prevention and control department and local governments should pay attention to the health education activities of mosquito and mosquito-borne diseases.