无机盐阳离子抗菌性能及其作用机理

Antibacterial performance and mechanism of inorganic salt cations

为了研究无机盐阳离子的抗菌性能及其作用机理,以大肠杆菌为受试菌,采用平皿计数、电位测定、红外分析、电镜观察等方法,考察了5种不同价态无机盐阳离子的抗菌性能,建立了作用机理模型。结果表明:无机盐的作用浓度、电荷浓度越大,离子半径越小,其抗菌效果越好。抗菌作用过程为:无机盐阳离子吸附到菌体表面发生电中和作用,同步引起细胞内外渗透压差,其中多价阳离子与表面官能团可发生络合反应,产生絮凝作用,剥除细胞壁外膜物质,使细胞壁受损;随后细胞内外的渗透压失去平衡,细胞壁结构塌陷;最终细胞代谢功能受损,导致菌体死亡。无机盐阳离子的抗菌效能是电中和作用、络合或交联反应、渗透压作用等共同作用的结果。

In order to study antibacterial performance and mechanism of inorganic salt cations, Escherichia coli was used as the strain and the antibacterial performance of five inorganic salt cations with different valence states were investigated by plate counting, potential determination, infrared analysis and SEM. A mechanism model was established. The results show that higher ion concentration and charge concentration and smaller ionic radius can lead to better antibacterial efficiency. The process is initiated by the adsorbtion of inorganic salt cations on bacteria cell surface, which causes charge neutralization and apparent osmotic pressure difference between intra-and extracellular environment. The outer membrane of cell wall can be peeled off and the cell wall is damaged because of complexation and flocculation between multivalent cations and functional groups on the cell surface. The imbalance between intra-and extracellular osmotic pressure leads to the collapse of cell wall. Finally, cellular metabolism is disabled, resulting in the death of bateria. The antibacterial efficacy of inorganic salt cations is originated from the action of charge neutralization, complexation, cross-linking reaction and osmotic pressure.