西瓜嫁接砧木资源及其杂交组合枯萎病抗性鉴定

Identification of Resistance to Fusarium Wilt of Watermelon Grafted Rootstocks and Hybrid

为了筛选西瓜枯萎病抗性砧木材料,对近年来收集整理的部分西瓜亲本材料及选配的砧木组合进行苗期枯萎病抗性人工接种鉴定。以国际上公认的5个西瓜枯萎病鉴别寄主材料(‘Black Diamond’‘Crimson Sweet’‘Charleston Gray’‘Calhoun Gray’‘PI296341-FR’)以及选配的49份西瓜砧木资源为试材,采用尖镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum)孢子悬浮液人工接种法,鉴定试验所用的西瓜枯萎病菌生理小种和砧木材料的枯萎病抗性。结果表明:鉴别寄主‘Black Diamond’‘Crimson Sweet’‘Charleston Gray’‘Calhoun Gray’‘PI296341-FR’的病情指数分别达85.2、53.0、27.2、19.2和7.8,抗性级别分别为感病、轻抗、中抗和抗病;49份西瓜砧木材料中,筛选出对Race 1表现抗病的材料有10份,占总供试材料的20.4%,中抗材料29份,占59.2%,轻抗材料10份,占20.4%,不存在免疫和完全感病的材料。确认该试验所用尖孢镰刀菌为生理小种1,筛选确定了高抗西瓜枯萎病的4份亲本材料588、893、BEH和FR328,6份杂交材料威砧101、Be-3×893、(BEH-15×Sugarlee)×893、(BEH1-15×Sugarlee)×341、(BEH1-15×AW2-1)×341和(BYH-1×Sugarlee)×893,可为设施西瓜生产提供优良的嫁接砧木资源。

To screen the resistance to wilt disease of rootstock resources of watermelon,the resistance to wilt disease of some the watermelon parent materials and their hybrid rootstock combinations were identified by artificial inoculation method in seedling stage.The internationally recognized five watermelon wilt identification host materials(‘Black Diamond’‘Crimson Sweet’‘Charleston Gray’‘Calhoun Gray’‘PI296341-FR’) and the selected 49 rootstock resources of watermelon were identified by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum spore suspension methods.The results showed that the DI of‘Black Diamond’‘Crimson Sweet’‘Charleston Gray’‘Calhoun Gray’‘PI296341-FR’ was 85.2,53.0,27.2,19.2 and 7.8 respectively,the resistance levels were susceptibility,light resistance,moderate resistance and resistance.10 watermelon rootstock materials(about 20.4% resources) showed resistance to Race 1,29 materials(about 59.2% resources)showed moderate resistance,10 materials(about 20.4% resources) showed light resistance,the immunization and high susceptible resources was not obtained.The results showed that the watermelon wilt pathogen was Race 1 in this experiment,4 parental materials 588,893,BEH and FR328,6 hybrid materials Wei-zhen101,Be-3×893,(BEH-15×Sugarlee)×893,(BEH1-15×Sugarlee)×341,(BEH1-15×AW2-1)×341 and(BYH-1×Sugarlee)×893 showed high resistance to watermelon wilt,and they could be used as excellent grafting rootstock resources for facility watermelon production in future.