2005-2017年北京市海淀区疟疾病例特征

Analysis of malaria cases in Haidian District of Beijing from 2005 to 2017

目的了解北京市海淀区2005-2017年疟疾病例流行特征。方法利用北京市海淀区各级医疗机构的传染病上报系统,导出2005-2017年疟疾的流行病学资料,用描述性流行病学方法分析疟疾在时间、地区及人群的分布情况。结果北京市海淀区2005-2017年期间共报告疟疾发病111例,死亡病例1例,年平均发病率0.26/10万;在报告的恶性疟、间日疟、三日疟及未分型疟疾中,恶性疟最多(54.5%,60/111),无混合感染;发病高峰期集中在6-9月的夏秋季节(52.0%,58/111);病例主要集中在20~59岁的青壮年(93.7%,104/111),且男性发病高于女性(χ^2=52.9,P<0.001);发病以干部职员为主(33.3%,37/111);海淀区26个街道和乡镇都有疟疾病例报道。国外输入性病例81例,占总病例的71.4%,其中74例(91.36%)感染来源于非洲。结论疟疾发病呈散发性,以输入性病例为主,应加强出入境对疟疾的监控,防止二代病例发生。

Objective To understand the epidemiological character of malaria in Haidian District of Beijing from 2005 to 2017.Methods The epidemiological data of malaria was collected from the infectious disease reporting system of medical institutions at various levels in Haidian District of Beijing from 2005 to 2017,and the epidemiological methods was used to analyze the distribution of malaria in population, time and region.Results From 2005 to 2017,111 malaria cases were reported in Haidian District of Beijing,the annual average incidence rate was 0.26 /100 000 and one death case was reported in 2014.Among the four reported types of falciparum malaria,vivax malaria,three-day malaria and untyped malaria,the most common falciparum malaria ( 54.5%,60 /111),no mixed infection;The peak incidence was concentrated in the summer and autumn of June-September ( 52.0%,58 /111);the cases were mainly occurred in young adults aged from 20 to 59( 93.7%,104 /111),and the incidence of males was higher than that of females (χ^2 = 52.9,P < 0.001 );Cadres were the main ward population ( 33.3%,33 /111).Malaria cases were reported in 26 streets and towns in Haidian District.81 cases were imported from abroad,accounting for 71.4% of the total cases,of which 74 ( 91.36%) were originated from Africa.Conclusions In the past 13 years,the incidence of malaria was sporadic,mainly in imported cases.The monitoring of malaria should be strengthened by entry and exit to prevent the secondgeneration cases of malaria.