明清“乡村祭祀剧”与通俗文学的传化及宗教生活的展开

“Rural Sacrifice Drama” and the Spread of Popular Literature and the Development of Religious Life in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

十六世纪开始渐次兴盛的通俗文学,通过对社会一般宗教生活的建构、抟合和传化,在近世中国社会—文化共同体的形成过程中发挥了重要的作用。通俗文学虽然是书写文本,但可以被融入各种表演艺术从而实现对广大庶民的传化。“乡村祭祀剧”即是这些表演艺术形式中的典型之一,作为社会一般宗教生活的仪式部分,它承载着通俗文学的核心价值,实施着通俗文学深入传化的功能,并由此发挥了通俗文学对社会一般宗教生活的反向建构作用。

Popular literature,which began to flourish gradually in the sixteenth century,by constructing,integrating and transmitting the daily religious life in society,played an important role in the formation of social-cultural community in late imperial China. Popular literature is a kind of written text,but it can be adapted into various performing arts to achieve the transmission of the general public. The“rural sacrifice drama”is one of the typical forms of performing arts. As the ritual part of daily religious life,it carried the core value of popular literature,implemented the function of in-depth transmission and education of popular literature,and thus played the role of reverse construction of popular literature on the daily religious life of society.