亚当·沙夫对欧洲马克思主义符号学运动的引领

Adam Schaff’s Leadership in Marxist Semiotics Movement in the Southern Europe

在上世纪的东欧产生的重要马克思主义符号学者中,亚当·沙夫是一个特殊人物。本文回顾了亚当.沙夫的贡献以及他与南欧马克思主义符号学学者的紧密关系,并且讨论了他的马克思主义符号学三个主要观点:一是他对于资本主义社会“符号拜物教”与“刻板解释”的批判,指出这后果与马克思痛斥的“商品拜物教”同样严重;二是他对于“新人本主义”的呼吁,以及对马克思主义发展的人道主义的解释;三是他对于当代资本主义总体危机的看法,尤其是对“结构性失业”的分析。沙夫的这些观点对今日的符号学社会文化研究依然有很重要的意义,也是对当今马克思主义符号学发展方向的重要启示。

Among all the important Marxist semiotcians that emerged in East Europe,Adam Schaff is a special one. This paper reviews Adam Schaff’s contribution and his close relationship with Marxist semiotics in southern Europe and his three main viewpoints of Marxist semiotics are discussed. Firstly,he criticized the“symbolic fetishism”and“rigid explanation”in capitalist society,pointing out that this consequence is as serious as the “commodity fetishism”that Marx lambasted. Secondly,his appeal for “new humanism” and his explanation of humanitarianism for the development of Marxism. The third is his view on the general crisis of contemporary capitalist world,especially on“structural unemployment”. These views of Schaff are still of great significance to today’s semiotics social and cultural research,and are also an important enlightenment to the development direction of Marxist semiotics.