馆阁文臣的困境与选择——纪昀评点《苏文忠公诗集》的时代特质

The Hanlin Academicians’ Difficulties and Choices:Studies on the Time Particularity of Ji Yun’s Criticism of Su Shi’s Poetry

纪昀论诗以通达著称,而其《苏文忠公诗集》评点却表现出明显的“尊唐黜宋”倾向。纪昀在乾隆朝馆阁诗风的嬗变与苏诗接受的转型中均坚持保守立场,推尊唐诗体现出他对廊庙诗风的维护;与此同时,清代文臣的双重身份又使其诗学观表现为官方话语支配下的文学理想主义,《纪评苏诗》被裹缚于重重矛盾之中。批评式评点方式的选择,体现了纪昀运用于学术领域的文臣权术,他通过评点苏诗,对诗坛风气进行有力回应。翁方纲等人的宗苏活动与纪昀评苏构成清中期苏诗接受的两种形态;王文诰等人对纪评的反思,代表了山林诗风对馆阁的驳正。

Ji Yun’s comments on poems are famous for its reasonableness,but his criticism of Su Shi’s Poetry show an obvious tendency to respect the Tang Dynasty but relegate the Song Dynasty. Ji Yun adhered to the conservative position in the evolution of the style of poetry in the court offices of Qianlong period and the transformation of the acceptance of Su Shi’s poetry. Thinking highly of Tang poetry reflected that Ji Yun guarded the poetry’s ethos of the Imperial Academy in the Qing dynasty. Meanwhile,Hanlin Academicians’double identity and cultural situations in that era determines that Ji Yun’s poetics view is a kind of idealism in literature which governed by the official ideology. Ji Yun’s Criticism of Su Shi’s Poetry is bound up in many contradictions. The selection of critical criticism reflects Ji Yun’s political skills of civil officials applied in the academic field. He responded powerfully to the prevailing poetic atmosphere at that time by commenting on Su’s poems. Weng Fanggang’s activities of research on Su and Ji Yun’s comments on Su constituted two forms of Su’s poetry acceptance in the middle Qing dynasty. The reflection of Wang Wengao and others on the discipline evaluation represents the refutation of Shanlin’s poetry style to the Imperial Academy one.