宿舍环境因素与大学生呼吸道感染疾病的关系

Relationship between dormitory environment and respiratory tract infection among college students

目的分析宿舍环境因素与大学生呼吸道感染疾病的关系,为保护大学生健康提供依据。方法采取整群抽样方法,以北京某高校两校区1727名在校学生和890间宿舍为测试对象,调查宿舍内成员是否出现咳嗽、咳血与呼吸困难或胸痛等现象及室内是否出现潮湿表征(发霉、潮湿污点、可疑潮湿问题、水损及窗户凝水)、清洁频率和常驻人口等,对数据进行描述性统计、相关分析和Logistic回归分析。结果63.0%的学生宿舍出现过潮湿、发霉、水损等,67.3%的学生主观感知到有异味。出现潮湿表征的宿舍,主观感知气味报告率均高于未出现潮湿表征的宿舍,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。学生性别、年龄、房间朝向等因素和是否有独立卫生间,对学生自我感知症状和医生确诊的病症部分影响有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。二分类Logistic回归分析显示,潮湿表征是咳嗽咳痰、呼吸困难、咳嗽并呼吸困难和干咳、哮喘和支气管扩张等症状的危险因素;主观感知气味是大多数呼吸道感染症状和疾病的危险因素(P值均<0.05)。结论宿舍多种环境因素都可能引起大学生呼吸道感染及其症状的发生,应加强对大学生宿舍环境与健康的教育。

Objective To analyze the relationship between dormitory environment and respiratory tract infection among college students.Methods A total of 890 dormitory rooms and 1 727 college students were investigated on symptoms including cough,hemoptysis and dyspnea or chest pain,as well as room sanitation(wet stain,mildew,damp,water loss and suspicious windows condensate),cleaning frequency and resident population.The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics,correlation analysis and Logistic regression analysis by SPSS.Results 63.0%of the school dorms were found of dampness,mustiness and water loss,67.3%of students had the subjective perception of odor.Except for the dryness of air,the rate of subjective perception of odor of the damp dorms was higher than that of dry dorms,and the differences were of statistical significance(P<0.01).Factors such as sex,age,dorm orientation,bathroom equipment,were partially related to symptoms of students'self-perception and diseases confirmed by the doctors(P<0.05).High humidity were significantly related to symptoms including cough,expectoration,dyspnea,asthma and bronchiectasia(P<0.05),while subjective perception of odor associated with risk of respiratory infections and symptoms.Conclusion Multipe dormitory evvironmental problems may cause respiratory tract infection and symptoms of college students,dorm sanitation should be promoted among college students.