民法典的宪法使命及其实现

The Constitutional Mission of the Civil Code and Its Realization

民法典的宪法使命始源于20世纪二十年代之后、尤其是二战结束之后。在此之前,由于宪法的根本法地位并未确立,民法典无由以承担践行宪法承诺的使命。民法典实现其宪法使命的原则是地位独立,宪法中应确立符合新时代要求的私法自治,并确保民法典与公法、社会法之间的动线流畅,以此为民法典实现其宪法使命提供制度性的保障。民法典实现其宪法使命的路径包括构筑逻辑自洽、体系完整、且接受宪法统合的规范体系,也包括在自身规范体系中预设较为妥当的接驳宪法的管道。民事法律行为的生效制度、一般人格权等在接驳宪法方面发挥了重要作用。

The constitutional mission of civil law began after the 1920 s, especially after the end of World War II. Prior to this time, because the fundamental legal status of the Constitution was not established, the Civil Code could not afford assuming the mission of implementing the constitutional promises. The principle of the implementation is the independence of status. The Constitution should rule in accordance with the requirements of the new era of private law autonomy and should ensure that the civil code, public law and social law maintaining positive interaction. All these requirements can help the civil code provide institutional protection to fulfill its constitutional mission. The paths include the construction of a logical and systematical normative system which is under the rule of the Constitution. Besides, the paths also include a pre-designed pipeline connected to the Constitution in the civil code’s own normative system. The effective system of civil legal acts, the general right of personality and so on has played an important role in the connection with the constitution.