医疗损害侵权责任认定中鉴定意见适用研究

On the application of expert’s opinion in the determination of Medical Damage Infringement Liability

以对截止2017年12月19日中国裁判文书网所有案由为“医疗损害侵权责任纠纷”的28444份生效判决书进行分层随机抽样并经筛选后最终获得的2883份有效判决书为样本,从法官集体经验的角度对医疗损害侵权责任认定中鉴定意见的适用进行统计分析。统计分析结果表明,法官更多地采用司法鉴定意见进行医疗损害侵权责任认定。医疗损害侵权责任认定中的鉴定意见适用存在鉴定意见质证缺乏实质效果、医疗损害参与度表述方式导致法官决策差异以及法官直接依据医疗损害参与度划分责任比例等问题,且会进一步导致降低事实认定权威性以及削弱司法裁判权的价值评判功能等深层问题。为消解鉴定意见适用中存在的问题,应通过设立技术法官制度提升审判人员专业性事实认定能力,并通过制定统一医疗损害鉴定技术标准来进一步规范医疗损害鉴定制度,以实现对鉴定意见适用规范化水平的提升。

By using 2,883 judgments obtained from 28,444 valid judgments of“Medical Damage Infringement Liability Disputes”case till December 19,2017,statistical analysis of the collective experience of judges is carried out on the application of the forensic reports in the medical damage tort liability determination.The results of statistical analysis show that:first of all,judges prefer to use forensic reports of forensic institute to identify the medical damage infringement liability.Secondly,the expert’s opinions were not effectively cross-examined.And then,the different expressions of expert’s opinions lead to judges’decision difference.Finally,judges divide the proportion of responsibility directly based on medical damage participation in expert’s opinion.And,they all will further lead to deeper problems such as reducing the authority of fact-finding and weakening the value judgment function of jurisdiction.In order to eliminate the problems in the application of expert’s opinion,the technical ju dge system should be established to improve the professional fact recognition ability of judges,and the medical damage appraisal system should be further standardized by formulating the technical standards for unified medical damage appraisal,so as to improve the standardization level of the using of forensic reports.