儿童髓母细胞瘤的诊断和治疗进展

Recent advance in diagnoses and treatments of childhood medulloblastoma

髓母细胞瘤(MB)是儿童中枢神经系统常见的恶性肿瘤,约占儿童颅内肿瘤的15%~25%,好发于后颅窝中线部位,常侵犯小脑半球、第四脑室及脑干。世界卫生组织(WHO)参照中枢神经系统肿瘤分类方法(2016)将MB归类为Ⅳ级肿瘤。近年来,随着组织学和分子生物学技术的发展,MB的分型逐渐得到细化,且不同的分型有着不同的临床预后。同时,研究者和临床工作者们也在不断探索新的更有效的治疗方法,并取得了重要突破。本文围绕儿童MB的临床诊断和治疗进展进行综述,以期为儿童MB的诊治提供有益的理论参考。

Medulloblastoma (MB) is one of the most common childhood malignant tumors in the central nervous system, which accounted for 15%-25% of childhood intracranial tumors. The most common origin location of MB is at the middle line of the posterior cranial fossa. And, MB could usually invade into the cerebellar hemisphere, the fourth ventricle and the brainstem. According to the classification criterion of central nervous system tumor in 2016, MB was classified as class IV tumor. In recent years, with the development of histology and molecular biology techniques, classifications of MB were gradually refined, and MB of different types have different clinical outcomes. At the same time, the researchers and clinical workers are still continuously exploring new and effective treatment methods, making important breakthroughs. This article will systematically elaborate the progress of the clinical diagnoses and treatments, which might provide some useful theoretical references for diagnoses and treatments of childhood MB.