2014—2018年遵义市医院成蚊监测分析

Surveillance on mosquitoes in hospitals of Zunyi City from 2014 to 2018

目的了解遵义市医院病媒生物监测点蚊虫的常见种类、密度和季节消长规律,为医院蚊虫的科学防控提供依据。方法 2014-2018年在遵义市医院病媒生物监测点用CO2诱蚊灯进行监测,对捕获的雌蚊分类鉴定,统计分析。结果 2014-2018年遵义市24个医院监测点共计捕获雌蚊1 559只,密度为3.25只/(灯·夜)。中华按蚊(38.04%)为优势蚊种,不同蚊种成蚊密度季节消长呈单峰分布,自5月起开始上升,不同蚊种成蚊密度峰值出现在7月或8月。致倦库蚊的峰值在7月,密度为2.06只/(灯·夜);三带喙库蚊的峰值在8月,密度为0.67只/(灯·夜);中华按蚊的峰值出现在7月,密度为2.44只/(灯·夜);白纹伊蚊的峰值在8月,密度为0.90只/(灯·夜)。结论遵义市医院环境中优势蚊种是中华按蚊,登革热传播媒介白纹伊蚊密度为0.57只/(灯·夜)。医院要加强蚊虫防治工作,有效减少成蚊密度和蚊虫孳生,为医护人员和就医人群提供一个无蚊虫侵扰、无蚊媒传染病感染风险的安全环境。

Objective To understand the species,population density and seasonal fluctuations of mosquitoes in hospitals of Zunyi City,and provide evidence for the prevention and control of mosquitoes.Methods Light traps were used in the density surveillance for mosquitoes in hospitals of Zunyi City from 2014 to 2018,and then the data were analyzed.Results From 2014 to 2018,a total of 1 559 female mosquitoes were captured in 24 hospitals surveillance sites in Zunyi City.The density of mosquitoes was 3.25 insects per trap per light,and Anopheles sinensis(38.04%) was the dominant species.There was a single peak in July or August during the seasonal fluctuations of total mosquitoes.The density peak of Culex quinquefasciatus was 2.06 insects per trap per light in July,while the density of Culex tritaeniorhynchus peaked in August as 0.67 insects per trap per light,and the density peak of Anopheles sinensis was 2.44 insects per trap per light in July.Aedes albopictus peaked in August as 0.90 insects per trap per light.Conclusion Anopheles sinensis was the dominant mosquito species in the hospital environment of Zunyi City,and the density of Aedes albopictus,the vector of dengue fever,was 0.57 insects per trap per light.It is necessary to prevent health care workers and patients from mosquito-borne diseases,mosquito control should be strengthened.