超高产早稻生长特征与气象因素影响分析

Analysis on Growth Characteristics and Meteorological Factors of Super-high Yield Early Season Rice

利用常规种植的同品种早稻"特优227"的三年实验观测数据,分析2018年超高产早稻各生育时段干物质的特征与同期气象因子的关系,结果表明:明显高于历年同期的日照时数和明显偏少的降水量是导致2018年超高产最直接的气象因素;拔节~抽穗期间丰富的日照和偏少的降水量是获得每穗总粒数大的有利因素;抽穗期间丰富的日照和较高的日平均气温利于群体干物质积累,过多的雨量相反;连续日最高气温≥35℃高温天气或过多的雨量对灌浆腊熟期的穗干物质增长则是负面的影响。

Based on the three-year experimental observation data of the same early season rice variety "Teyou 227" under conventional cultivation, the relationship between dry matter characteristics and meteorological factors at different growth stages of super-high-yield rice in 2018 was analyzed. The results show that the most direct meteorological factors leading to super-high yield in 2018 are the sunshine hours, which is obviously higher than that in the same period of previous years, and the precipitation, which is less than usual;the effect of the two factors is opposite. Abundant sunshine and less precipitation from jointing to heading are favorable factors for obtaining larger total grains per panicle. The abundant sunshine and higher daily average temperature during heading period are beneficial to dry matter accumulation, but heavy rainfall has the opposite effect. Excessive high temperature weather with continuous maximum temperature greater than or equal to 35℃ or excessive rainfall has a negative effect on dry matter growth at grouting wax ripeness stage.