试析马王堆简书《十问》的养生理论及其思想渊源

An Analysis of the Health-preserving Theory and Its Ideological Origin in Ten Questions

马王堆出土的简书《十问》虽然是方技类专著,但并未停留在介绍具体的房中术和养生法本身,而是融入道、阴阳、精气等概念,构建了一套以“贵生、贵精、贵阴”三者为核心的养生理论,三者之间存在着内在的逻辑关系。其“贵生”思想与老子的“身国同构”思想观点一致,“贵精”思想与《管子》的精气论如出一辙,“贵阴”思想则和早期道家思想一脉相承。探究方技类专著的理论基础及其思想渊源,对于我们深入理解简帛文献中的先贤思想和了解秦汉前的历史文化都有着重要意义。

Although the bamboosilk book Ten Questions unearthed from Mawangdui is a monograph about medical practice,it does not stop at introducing the specific techniques of coition medicine and health preservation itself.Instead,it integrates the concepts of Tao,Yin and Yang,and vital essence,and constructs a set of health preservation theory with“respecting life,treasuring essence and valuing Yin”as its core.There is an inherent logical relationship among them.The“respecting life”thought is consistent with Laozi's“body-state isomorphism”“treasuring essence”thought is the same as Guanzi's“vital essence theory”“valuing Yin”thought is in line with the early Taoist thought.Exploring the theoretical basis and ideological roots of medical practice monographs is of great significance for us to deeply understand the ideas of the sages in bamboo and silk documents and to understand the history and culture before Qin and Han dynasties.