磷钾肥对芳樟生长及产油量的影响

Effects of Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer on Growth and Oil-production of Cinnamomum camphora

[目的]研究芳樟在田间条件下对磷钾元素的响应,提高芳樟产油量同时降低经济成本,为芳樟林科学管理提供参考依据。[方法]以3年生的大田矮林叶用芳樟林为试验对象,设置了不施磷钾肥(CK)、施磷、施钾和磷钾配施4个处理,分析了磷钾对大田矮林叶用芳樟生长特性、叶片生理以及产量和出油率的影响。[结果]与CK相比,施钾显著增加了叶绿素a和叶绿素(a+b)含量,促进了芳樟的梢粗和分支生长,但对梢长、株高、冠幅生长有所抑制,增加了叶片宽度,显著降低叶长与叶宽比值,增强了叶片的过氧化物酶活性并降低丙二醛含量,显著减少了可溶性糖含量。磷肥对叶绿素b的合成效果最好,较CK也显著增加了叶绿素a和叶绿素(a+b)含量,但效果不及钾肥好,能促进芳樟梢长生长并增加梢分支数,但抑制了枝粗和叶片生长,增加了株高和冠幅,对过氧化物酶活性增强效果最显著,减少了丙二醛含量,增加了可溶性糖含量。磷钾配施显著增加了叶绿素a含量,促进了芳樟的梢长、梢粗及梢分支的生长,增加了叶片宽度和株高,但不利于叶长生长,对降低丙二醛的效果最佳,显著增加了过氧化物酶活性,降低了可溶性糖含量。磷钾配施较CK的芳樟枝叶产量和产油量分别增加23.9%和24.5%;施磷肥的较CK单株增产8.4%,产油量增加了5.9%。[结论]磷、钾肥均能促进芳樟叶片叶绿素的合成,增强对外界抗干扰的能力,但是对芳樟生长和枝叶发育的作用效果完全不同。仅施钾肥不利于芳樟生长和出油率的增加,因此,不推荐大田管理单施钾肥。施磷和磷钾配施均能提高枝叶生物量和产油量,(P150+K100)g·株^-1 效果最佳。

[Objective] To clear the use of phosphorus and potassium, improve the production and reduce the cost for the purpose of the cultivation of camphor.[Method] Three-years-old camphor trees were selected as the test materials, no phosphorus and potassium fertilizer treatment (CK), P treatment, K treatment and P+K treatment were set up to analyze the influence of phosphorus and potassium on the growth traits, leaf physiology, yield and oil yield of camphor.[Result] Compared with the CK, K treatment increased the content of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll (a+b) significantly, and promoted the growth of the thick tip and branch, but inhibited the tip length, height and crown, significantly increased the leaf width, decreased the ratio of leaf length to width, enhanced the activity of POD and decreased the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and soluble sugar (SS). P treatment contributed to the composition of chlorophyll b the best, increased the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll (a+b) significantly, but not as good as P. K treatment could promote tip growth and increase the branch number, but inhibit the growth of thick twigs and leaves, increase the height, crown and SS, enhance the activity of POD the best and decrease the content of MDA. P+K treatment increased chlorophyll a significantly, good to tip growth, increased leaves width and height, but it is not conducive to leaf growth and has the best effect on reducing MDA, significantly increasing peroxidase activity and reducing SS content. The biomass and oil of P+K treatment were increased by about 23.9% and 24.5%;P treatment increased by 8.4% and 5.9% of the biomass and oil compared with CK.[Conclusion] Phosphorus can promote the synthesis of chlorophyll in camphor and enhance the ability to resist external interference as well as potassium in camphor, but the effect on the growth is completely different. K is not good for the growth and oil yield of camphor, so it is not recommended to apply potash fertilizer alone in the field management. P and K fertilization can increase production and oil production. The best formula is P150 g+K100 g for each plant.