猕猴桃果园间作模式优化构建与技术集成

Model optimized construction and technology integrated application of intercropping in kiwifruit orchard

间作是现代生态农业的一种重要生产方式,在生态果园建设中起着极为重要的作用。间作在猕猴桃果园中的应用研究起步较晚但发展迅速,蔬菜、中药材、食用菌、粮食作物和绿肥作物等均有应用。在具体实践中应掌握品种筛选与体系搭配、适时播种与适量间作、科学施肥与合理灌溉等关键技术,同时应充分考虑经济效益、设施配套、转型升级和绿色振兴等要素。结合猕猴桃产业现状,间作提升猕猴桃生态果园综合效益的具体成效主要通过为其提供秸秆废料、改善根际微生物、改土保墒和增加附加农副产品等方式,实现利用闲置土地空间增加前期收入,优化资源利用效率实现增收节支,增强土壤培肥能力并改善根际环境,防止地表水土流失和保护果园生态,实现果实丰产优质最终提升综合效益等。在总结猕猴桃果园间作体系应用的研究与技术现状的基础上,本文提出了充分考虑间作作物与猕猴桃生物学特性,以及果园自然资源与环境特征,探索和完善猕猴桃间作标准化技术,挖掘更多适合猕猴桃间作的新作物等现代化猕猴桃果园间作模式创新发展的新思路。同时,也应进一步加快猕猴桃间作体系相关理论机制的研究,为猕猴桃产业绿色振兴与跨越发展,发挥猕猴桃产业在农业产业转型升级、乡村振兴和精准扶贫等国家战略实施过程中的积极作用。

Intercropping,an important production method in modern ecological agriculture plays a vital role in the construction of ecological orchards.The application of intercropping in kiwifruit orchards has developed rapidly.Many vegetables,Chinese herbal medicines,edible fungus,grain crops,and green manure crops have been successfully intercropped in those orchards.In practice,several key technologies such as variety selection and system collocation,timely sowing and proper intercropping,and scientific fertilization and rational irrigation should be concerned.Additionally,other major factors should be fully considered,including economic benefit,infrastructure support,transformation and upgrade,and green revitalization of the intercropping models.The comprehensive benefits of intercropping in kiwifruit ecological orchards are providing straw and agricultural waste,promoting rhizosphere microorganism activity,improving soil fertility and moisture conservation,and increasing additional agricultural and sideline products etc.These positive effects benefit the utilization of idle space,increase early income,optimize resource utilization efficiency and save expenditure,enhance soil fertilization capacity,and improve rhizosphere environment.They also offer surface water and soil erosion prevention and orchard ecology protection,as well as achieve a high fruit yield and quality that enhances intercropping’s comprehensive benefits.Based on a summarization of the research and review of the technical application of intercropping system in kiwifruit orchards,this paper puts forward new prospects for the development of intercropping models in kiwifruit orchards.These prospects take full consideration of the biological characteristics of intercropping crop and kiwifruit,as well as the natural resources and environmental characteristics of orchards.We hope that exploring and improving the standardized application technology of kiwifruit intercropping can lead to excavating new crops,which would be suitable for kiwifruit intercropping.Theory and mechanism research for kiwifruit intercropping systems should be strengthened to promote green revitalization and leapfrog development of the kiwifruit industry in order to promote a positive role in the transformation of the agricultural industry.