氮肥水平与栽植密度互作对不同生育期水稻生长及产量的影响

Effects of Interaction Between Nitrogen Application Level and Planting Density on Growth and Yield of Rice at Different Growth Stages

针对水稻生产中氮肥用量增加、栽植密度越来越低等问题,深入探究水稻施氮量和栽植密度的互作效应对水稻生长、养分吸收及产量的影响,以期为减少施氮、高效施肥提供理论依据,从而找出水稻栽植密度与施氮量的最佳组合。以山东省济宁市任城区水稻试验田种植的第2季水稻圣稻18号为研究对象,通过田间试验设置氮肥水平与栽植密度双因素处理,施氮量设4个水平:无氮(N1),0kg/hm^2;低氮(N2),216kg/hm^2;中氮(N3),288kg/hm^2;高氮(N4),360kg/hm^2。栽植密度设3个梯度:低密度,24万穴/hm^2;中密度,27万穴/hm^2;高密度,30万穴/hm^2。共12个处理,3次重复。结果表明,本试验条件下,拔节期水稻的株高、鲜质量、叶面积及分蘖数均以30N3处理为最佳。对于水稻养分吸收,中氮中密度下的水稻氮素含量最高,其中27N2处理在抽穗期比24N2处理高出20.2%,27N3处理在灌浆期比27N1处理高出1.30%。而水稻全磷、全钾含量随着施氮量增加有不同程度的提高。试验还表明,在中密度条件下,288kg/hm^2的施氮处理比不施氮肥产量提高12.1%;在中氮条件下,27万穴/hm^2的栽植密度比低密度处理产量提高18.5%。因此,氮肥水平与栽培密度的最优组合为288kg/hm^2和27万穴/hm^2,该组合在降低施氮量,控制合理密度的同时,产量实现最优,达到14615.3kg/hm^2。

In view of the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application and decrease of planting density in rice production.The aim of the study was to explore the effects of nitrogen application rate and planting density on the growth,nutrient uptake and yield of rice,in order to provide a theoretical basis for reducing nitrogen application and high-efficiency fertilization.This experiment was carried out in rice field of Rencheng District,Jining City,Shandong Province,taking the second season rice Saint Rice 18 as the material,and setting up 4 nitrogen application rates:no nitrogen(N1)0 kg/ha,low nitrogen(N2)216 kg/ha,medium nitrogen(N3)288 kg/ha and high nitrogen(N4)360 kg/ha,and 3 planting densities:low density(240 000 plants/ha),medium density(270 000 plants/ha)and high density(300 000 plants/ha).A total of 12 treatments and 3 repetitions were arranged.The results showed that 30N3 was the best treatment for plant height,fresh weight,leaf area and tiller number at jointing stage.For rice nutrient uptake,the nitrogen content of rice under medium nitrogen and density was the highest,and 27N2 treatment was 20.2%higher than that of 24N2 treatment at heading stage,and 27N3 treatment was 1.30%higher than that of 27N1 treatment during grain filling period.The contents of total phosphorus and total potassium in rice increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.The test also indicated that under medium density,the nitrogen application rate of 288 kg/ha was 12.1%higher than that of no nitrogen fertilizer.Under medium nitrogen condition,the planting density of 270 000 plants/ha was 18.5%higher than that of low-density treatment.The optimal combination of nitrogen fertilizer and density in this experiment was 288 kg/ha and 270 000 plants/ha.The combination reduced the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and controlled the reasonable density,and the yield was optimal(14 615.3 kg/ha).