基于子结构拓扑优化的大客车耐撞性改进

Improvement of Coach Crashworthiness Based on Topology Optimization of Substructure

提出了一种基于子结构拓扑优化的大客车车身骨架耐撞性改进设计方法。首先通过测试和仿真进行某承载式大客车耐撞性评价,分析车身结构变形的症结;提取前端驾驶区骨架为子结构,以其碰撞吸能量相同为等效条件,进行子结构耐撞性分析与改进;接着为控制子结构的局部失稳变形,以吸能盒碰撞力峰值为载荷条件,进行子结构空间区域拓扑优化,完成8组改进方案的对比分析,选取质量最轻的达标方案进行台车实验验证;最后将该方案导入整车结构中进行耐撞性改进验证。结果表明:整车的耐撞性得到有效提高。

An improved design method of coach body skeleton crashworthiness based on the topology optimization of substructure is proposed.Firstly,the crashworthiness evaluation of a monocoque coach is carried out by test and simulation,and the crux of body structure deformation is analyzed.The skeleton of front driving area is extracted as the sub-structure,and its crashworthiness is analyzed for improvement with the same crash energy absorption as the equivalence condition.Then in order to control the local deformation instability of sub-structure,a topology optimization is conducted on the spatial region of sub-structure,with the peak collision force of the energy absorbing box as loading condition.Eight groups of improvement schemes are comparatively analyzed,with the up-to-the-standard scheme having the lightest mass selected for sled test verification.Finally,the scheme is incorporated into the whole vehicle structure for validating its crashworthiness improvement.The results show that the crashworthiness of vehicle is effectively improved.