南唐宰相制度考论

A Textual Research and Comment on the Institution of Chancellor in the Southern Tang Dynasty

南唐政治制度多继承唐制,宰相制度也是如此。但其在名号、职权等方面又呈现出自身的特点。在南唐三十九年的历史中,决策重心大致实现了由御前会议到枢密院,再到近侍机构的转移,南唐相权也随之逐渐趋于衰落。宰相权力的行政化倾向是南唐相权衰落的最重要表现,这主要体现在“知(或判)尚书事”作为宰相名号的大量使用。君主干预具体事务、重用宗室、枢密院与近侍机构侵夺权力亦是南唐相权衰落的重要表现,藩镇体制的影响与南唐君主对宰相固有的防范是南唐相权衰落的重要原因。对南唐宰相制度的研究,有助于推进南唐典章制度的研究,并将唐宋之际政治制度变革的研究推向深入。

The political system of the Southern Tang dynasty succeeded Tang dynasty,as well as institution of chancellor.But the Southern Tang dynasty had its own characteristics in name,authority,etc.In thirty-nine years of history,the focus of policy decision transferred from an Imperial Conference to Privy Council,then to institution of Emperor's attendant.At the same time,the power of chancellor tended to decline.The administrative tendency of chancellor was the most important performance of decline of the power of chancellor in the Southern Tang dynasty.It mainly embodied heavy use of“Zhi or Pan Shangshushengshi”as the title of chancellor.The important performance of decline of chancellor s power were monarch's interference in specific affairs,putting imperial clan in important positions and Privy Council and institution of Emperor s attendant breaking into power of chancellor.The influence of Fanzhen system and the inherent prevention of the monarch to the chancellor in the Southern Tang Dynasty were other important reasons of the decline of power of chancellor.This research will help to advance the research of institutions of the Southern Tang dynasty and understanding of political reform in Tang and Song dynasties.