多重视域下管窥“后科举时代”的近代乡村社会——近二十年来研究述评与取向省思

Research on the Modern Rural Society in "Post-Imperial Examination Era" from Multiple Perspectives

在近代“数千年未有之大变局”之下,清廷于1905年废除了实施千余年的科举制度,这一举措无疑令人瞩目。清廷原本希冀引鉴近代西方教育模式,以新式学堂取代科举制度,未能顾及背后制度化、社会结构关联,这对基层农村的影响尤为明显。这一制度的终结不单使得个人行为模式、思维观念发生巨大转向,更使得中国基层社会发生重大变化,国家、个人与社会的关系重组与调试。本文拟借助清末停废科举一案,结合前人研究成果,思考学术视野拓宽与研究取向变化的可能性。复次,在进行研究视域转变的同时,对今后近代乡村社会的研究提出几点需要注意的问题。如何将该研究精细化、多元化,依然值得更多学界同仁努力与探索。

The Qing government abolished the imperial examination system in 1905,which was undoubtedly remarkable.The Qing government originally intended to learn from the modern western education model,and replaced the imperial examination system with new-style schools,but the authority failed to take into account the institutional and social structure behind it,which brought significance influence on grass-root countryside.The end of the imperial examination system not only affected individuals,but also caused major changes in China’s grass-root society,restructuring and adjusting the relationship between the state,individuals and society.This paper,combined with previous research results,intends to consider the possibility of the academic vision expansion and the research orientation change by probing into the practice of abolishing imperial examination in the late Qing Dynasty.Finally,it proposes several questions to be paid attention to in the future rural research while carrying on the research horizon transformation.