唐德宗时期的灾荒及社会救济

On Natural Disasters and Social Relief During the Reign of Emperor Tang Dezong

德宗朝是唐代自然灾害频发的四个时期之一,几乎无年不灾、无处不灾。本文通过对德宗时期灾荒发生的频次、时空分布进行整理分析,多方面展现这一时期灾荒的多发性、群发性等特点。灾害频发,给百姓带来人口伤亡、农业生产遭到破坏等诸多危害,扰乱国家正常秩序。朝廷在灾后的救济中发挥主导作用,采取赈济、蠲免等方式赈灾救民,而民间救济在此时也有发展,作为辅助,弥补官赈的不足之处。

Dezong period(742-805)was one of the four periods in the Tang Dynasty frequently plagued by natural disasters occurring almost every year and everywhere.By analyzing the frequency and spatiotemporal distribution of natural disasters in the Dezong period,this paper analyzes the characteristics of multiple and mass occurrence of natural disasters in this period from different aspects.Frequent occurrence of disasters resulted in various harms to the people,such as casualties and damage of agricultural production,disrupting the normal order of the whole state.To restore the order,the government played its dominant role in post-disaster relief,adopting such measures as the relief and tax payment exemption to save people.In the meantime,the non-governmental relief developed as an auxiliary way to cover the shortage of governmental relief.