光照血栓中风模型的研究进展

Advances in research of photothrombotic stroke models

中风具有高致死率、致残率及复发率的特点,一直是人类未能攻克的疾病。中风主要分为出血性中风和缺血性中风,后者占所有中风事件的百分之八十。科学家们一直致力于开发有效的预防治疗中风的药物,方便实用的模型是病理机制研究和药物的筛选过程中非常重要的支撑和保障。在众多缺血性中风模型中,光照血栓模型以操作简便且创伤性小、不需要开颅手术、死亡率低。等独特的优势得到了越来越多的认可。该模型可通过调整激光照射大脑区域内的位置来控制血栓形成的部位,通过调整造模染料的剂量及激光照射的强度和时间来控制缺血灶形成的大小,适合于缺血性中风过程中神经退行性病变,神经保护和神经再生的细胞和分子机制研究及抗中风药物的开发。本文对光照血栓性中风模型的原理、优缺点以及在药物开发中的应用进行了叙述。

Stroke is characterized by high mortality,disability,and recurrence rate,and is a disease with unsatisfactory therapies.Hemorrhage and ischemic strokes are the two main types of stroke,with the latter accounting for 80%of all cases.Research has been conducted on the development of effective drugs to prevent and treat stroke,and the establishment of a convenient and practical model is an important part of pathologic mechanism research and the drug screening process.Among ischemic stroke models,the photothrombotic stroke model is increasingly used because of its unique advantages such as its simple operation,very low mortality rate,no requirement for craniotomy,and the fact that it is less traumatic than other models.It can adjust the position of the region of the brain where the laser light strikes to control the location of blood clots,change the dosage of the photosensitizing dye,and the intensity and time of laser irradiation to affect the size of focal ischemic formation.It is also suitable for research into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration,neuroprotection,and neurogenesis during ischemic stroke,and the development of anti-stroke agents.This paper summarizes the mechanisms,advantages,and disadvantages of the photothrombotic stroke model and its applications in drug development.