干细胞治疗帕金森病的研究进展

Research progress in stem cell therapy for Parkinson’s disease

帕金森病是一种中脑黑质多巴胺能神经元渐进性变性死亡从而导致黑质-纹状体通路受损的中枢神经系统退行性疾病,临床主要的治疗方式为药物和手术,但均只能短期缓解症状且后期副作用大,无法达到治愈的效果。干细胞具有自我更新能力和多向分化潜能,干细胞移植可在损伤组织内进行神经再生与修复,为帕金森病的治疗带来了曙光。本文从干细胞取材、不同类型干细胞治疗帕金森病的方法、疗效和优缺点等方面进行比较分析,总结了干细胞治疗帕金森病的几种可能的作用机制,希望对干细胞治疗帕金森病的机制研究、细胞类型和移植方式的选择及临床试验等提供一定的帮助。

Parkinson’s disease is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system in which dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra gradually degenerate and are lost,leading to damage of the substantia nigra-striatum pathway.The main clinical treatments for this disease are drugs and surgery,but both only relieve short-term symptoms and have many side effects.Moreover,neither results in a cure.Stem cells have the capacity for self-renewal and a multi-directional differentiation potential.Stem cell transplantation can result in nerve regeneration and restoration within the damaged tissue,bringing hope for a possible treatment for Parkinson’s disease.This article compares and analyzes the separation methods,modes of transplantation,efficacy,and advantages and disadvantages of different types of stem cells in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.It also summarizes possible mechanisms by which stem cells could provide a treatment for Parkinson’s disease.This article should aid the selection of cell types and methods of transplantation for use in clinical trials.