海洋水环境中藻毒素的检测技术及分布研究进展

The Research Advances in Detection Technology and Distribution Characteristics of Algae Toxins in Marine Water Environment

海洋藻毒素是海洋有害藻产生的次级代谢产物,具有种类多、毒性强和生物蓄积性等特点,对海洋生态系统、海产养殖业以及人类健康会造成严重威胁。近年来,近海水环境中的海洋藻毒素已引起人们的广泛关注。通过对近海水环境中海洋藻毒素的富集技术、仪器分析方法和分布特征方面的研究进展进行归纳和总结发现:被动固相吸附和固相萃取技术是海水中海洋藻毒素的主要富集技术,结合液相色谱-质谱联用技术进行检测,是目前近海水环境中各类海洋藻毒素检测的最有效方法;多种海洋藻毒素在全球近海水环境中有分布,且欧洲近海海水中藻毒素种类最丰富、浓度也相对较高;在中国近海水环境中多种脂溶性藻毒素广泛分布。在全球气候变化以及近海污染不断加剧的背景下,海洋藻毒素对近海水环境的影响不容忽视,今后的研究方向将主要包括:重要养殖区海水中藻毒素的长期连续监测;海水中典型藻毒素的现场快速检测技术;近海水环境中海洋藻毒素的来源及其影响因素;典型海洋藻毒素的迁移转化规律及其生物可利用性等。

Marine algae toxins are secondary metabolites produced by harmful marine microalgae, and have the characteristics of numerous varieties, strong toxicity and bioaccumulation. Therefore, these toxins pose a serious threat to marine ecosystems, aquaculture, and human health. In recent years, marine algae toxins in marine water environment have received increasing attention from researchers. In this paper, the research advances in enrichment technology, instrumental analysis method, and distribution characteristics of marine algae toxins in offshore seawater are summarized. The results indicate that passive solid-phase adsorption and solid-phase extraction are the main enrichment technologies of marine algae toxins in seawater, and they combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry are considered the most effective methods for detection of various marine algae toxins in seawater. Various marine algae toxins are distributed in coastal and offshore seawater across the world. There are the most abundant types of marine algae toxins in European coastal seawater and with a relatively high concentrations. In addition, various lipophilic algae toxins are also widely distributed in the coastal and offshore seawater of China. Under the background of global climate change and increasing offshore environmental pollution, the impact of marine algae toxins in coastal and offshore seawater cannot be ignored. The future research directions on this topic mainly include long-term continuous monitoring of algae toxins in seawater of important mariculture zone, rapid on-site detection technology of typical algae toxins in seawater, sources and influence factors of marine algae toxins in offshore water environment, migration, transformation and bioavailability of typical marine algal toxins in seawater.