用人单位即时解除劳动合同权的行使期间探析

Exercise Period of Employer’s Instant Rescission of Labor Contract

《劳动合同法》第39条明确列举了用人单位可即时解除劳动合同权的六种情形,但未明确规定用人单位应在多长期限内作出解除劳动合同的决定,显属立法漏洞。实践中,司法判决对此问题也是莫衷一是。针对第39条即时解除劳动合同的行使期间存在立法上缺位的情形,考察我国台湾地区和德国的立法例,借鉴其有益经验,提出解决现实困境的三点措施,即加强工会的监督职能,选取典型案件作为指导或参考性案例,确定即时解除劳动合同权的行使期间,以期为未来修法提供一些智识上的参考。

Article 39 of the Labor Contract Law of People’s Republic of China clearly enumerates the six situations in which employer can immediately terminate labor contract, but it does not clearly stipulate how long the employer should make the decision, which is obviously a legislative loophole. In practice, judicial decisions are always inconsistent with each other on this issue. For this legislative loophole in exercise period, Taiwan and German’s relevant experience might be used for reference, and three measures are proposed in the paper, which include to strengthen the supervision function of labor union, select typical cases as a guidance or reference cases, and clearly stipulate the exercise period so as to provide some intellectual reference for the future revision of the law.