章学诚、戴震方志理论之争的研究评述

A Review of Research on the Local Records Theoretical Debate Between Zhang Xuecheng and Dai Zhen

清代学者章学诚与戴震曾就方志纂修相关问题展开过一次激烈论争。关于论争的原因,晚清民国学者多从心理与学术思想角度进行分析,今人的分析则兼及二人现实境遇和时代背景等因素。关于章、戴学派划分的讨论,20世纪80年代初期学者多将此次论争视作学派、学科之争,但这种观点遭到当今学术界的质疑。如何评判章、戴双方观点,早期学者倾向扬章抑戴,而近年来出现“为戴震正名”的趋势。

In Qing Dynasty scholar Zhang Xuecheng and Dai Zhen once had a heated debate about local records compilation and related issues. The causes of the debate were mostly analyzed by late Qing Dynasty and early Republican Period scholars from the angle of psychology and academic thoughts, while analyses by current scholars also cover factors such as their life experiences and background of the time they lived in. As to the discussions about the division of their school of thoughts, scholars during the early 1980s mostly looked at the debate as that of school of thoughts or academic subjects, but this view has been challenged by the contemporary academic circle. On how to evaluate the views of Zhang and Dai, scholars in earlier period tended to favor Zhang over Dai, while in recent years there has been a trend of “rectifying the name of Dai Zhen”.