呼和浩特市15236名体检人群颈动脉硬化斑块发生情况调查及危险因素分析

Investigation of the Carotid Atherosclerosis Plaque Occurrence aAmong Hohhot 15 236 Check-up Crowd and Risk Factor Analysis

目的探讨呼和浩特市体检人群颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的发生情况,以期为该地区脑卒中的预防提供进一步依据。方法以2016年9月1日至2017年8月31日在我院健康管理中心进行颈动脉超声检查的体检人群为研究对象,采用东芝Aplio 400彩色多普勒超声诊断仪,线阵探头,探头频率为7.5~14 MHz,分别观察并测量颈部各动脉粥样硬化斑块发生的位置、数量以及性质等相关信息,并记录狭窄率,同时整理分析血脂、血尿酸、体质指数、糖尿病史、高血压病史、缺乏运动、吸烟及饮酒等动脉硬化危险因素。应用SPSS 21.0统计软件包对数据进行分析整理。结果共15 236名受检者,其中男性8 438例,女性6 798例,年龄33~86岁,平均年龄(51.62±4.98)岁。非硬化组与硬化组在血脂异常、血尿酸异常、超重、糖尿病史、高血压病史、缺乏运动、吸烟及饮酒之间均存在显著性差异(P>0.05)。阴性结果共4 123例,占27.06%。颈部动脉斑块发生率达51.06%,男性多于女性(P<0.001),且斑块发生率随年龄增长而增加,≤40岁组发生率仅为13.68%,40~60岁组发生率为42.73%,60~80岁组发生率为77.06%,≥80岁组发生率高达87.86%,并以颈动脉发生率最高(29.22%)。而斑块所致动脉狭窄或闭塞者发生率为4.91%,其中狭窄占4.45%,闭塞占0.46%。而不同狭窄程度中以轻度狭窄发生率最高,占2.42%,中度次之(1.32%),重度最少(0.71%)。结论呼和浩特市人群颈动脉斑块发生率较高,尤其是男性,所以有必要对已出现或者有斑块发生潜在风险的人群定期进行颈动脉超声检查,并给予健康促进和干预,预防缺血性脑卒中的发生。

Objective To explore the happening situation of carotid atherosclerosis plaque of Hohhot check-up crowd, in order to provide further basis for the prevention of stroke in the region.Methods The research object is check-up crowd in our health management center for carotid ultrasound examination from 2016.9.1 to 2017.8.31,using the Toshiba Aplio 400 color Doppler ultrasound diagnostic apparatus,linear array probe,frequency of the probe is 7.5~14 MHZ,respectively to observe and measure the location,number,nature and related informations of the neck atherosclerosisplaque,and record the stenosis rate.At the same time, the risk factors of arteriosclerosis such as blood lipid, blood uric acid, body mass index, history of diabetes, history of hypertension, lack of exercise, smoking and drinking were analyzed.SPSS 21.0 statistical software package was used to analyze the data.Results A total of 15 236 subjects,8 438 cases of male,female 6 798 cases,age of 33~86 and the average age is(51.62±4.98). There were significant differences between the non-atherosclerosis group and the atherosclerosis group in abnormal blood lipid, abnormal blood uric acid, overweight, history of diabetes, history of hypertension, physical inactivity, smoking and drinking(P>0.05).Negative result a total of 4 123 cases,accounting for 27.06%.Neck artery plaque incidence was 51.06%,the men more than women(P<0.001),the incidence of plaque increases with age,the group of≤40 age was only 13.68%,40~60 years old group was 42.73%, 60~80 years group was 77.06%, and the incidence rate of≥80 years old group was as high as 87.86%,as well as the incidence of carotid artery was highest(29.22%).The occurring rate of stenosis or occlusion was 4.91%, stenosis accounts for 4.45%,occlusion accounts for 0.46%.The incidence of mild stenosis is the highest(2.42%),moderate stenosis Secondly(1.32%) and severe stenosis is the least(0.71%).Conclusion The incidence of carotid plaques was high in the population of Hohhot,especially men.So it is necessary to have carotid ultrasound inspection regularly for the population which has been a plaqueor a risk,and give health promotion and intervention to prevent ischemic stroke.