英国国家信托在遗产保护与旅游发展中的经验与启示

The Experience and Enlightenment of British National Trust in Heritage Conservation and Tourism Development

中国自然与人文遗产资源数量众多,在遗产保护和旅游开发中面临保护资金的欠缺、保护人员不够等问题。通过简要回分析英国国家信托旅游的发展概况,剖析其产生背景,从治理结构、经营管理、志愿者队伍、旅游市场和宣传等4个方面总结了其主要特征和运作模式。英国国家信托制度采取第三方公益组织的方式来运作,实行会员制度和志愿者参与修缮、保护等形式,一些文物和古建筑得到有效保护、开发和利用。中国文物遗产保护和旅游开发可借鉴英国国家信托的管制制度、志愿者会员制度、景区运营与维护的成功经验,从而实现文化遗产得到可持续性的保护和利用。

China has a large number of natural and cultural heritage resources,but in the field of heritage protection and tourism development is facing great challenges,especially the lack of protection funds.This paper briefly reviews the course of the development of British National Trust tourism,analyzes its background,and summarizes its main features and operation modes,such as governance structure,management,volunteer team,tourism market and propaganda.The National Trust of UK is operated by third party public welfare organizations,and the membership system and volunteers are involved in the repair and protection,and some cultural relics and ancient buildings are effectively protected and exploited.China s heritage protection and tourism development can learn from the successful experience of the British National Trust control system,such as volunteer membership system,scenic area operation and maintenance,so as to achieve the sustainable protection and utilization of cultural heritage.