我国社区治理的三个向度：制度创新、社会资本建构与社区共同体塑造

The Three Dimensions of Community Governance in China:System Innovation,Social Capital Construction and Community Building

社区治理现代化离不开制度创新、社会资本建构和社区共同体塑造,这也成为分析社区治理问题的三个向度。本文以制度经济学为基础,分析了社区治理的发展历程、模式选择、制度变迁以及制度瓶颈,认为制度创新是增加社区资本存量并促进社会资本建构的基础,风俗习惯、意识形态、价值观念等都是社会资本的重要组成部分。而社会资本的可建构性特点要求在行政力量引导下,拓宽社区居民信息的交换通道,降低社区居民的次优选择,提升居民合作的博弈水平,遏制业委会的寻租行为,减少社区治理的交易费用,从而推进社区共同体塑造。但社区治理中“名实分离”的制度瓶颈阻碍了社区共同体的形成,为此,本文结合我国社区治理实践,在三个向度上进行了探索,构建“两级政府、三级管理、四级网络”的治理结构,以扩大社区自治权,通过制度创新增加社会资本,从而推进社区共同体塑造。

The modernization of community governance is inseparable from institutional rule innovation,social capital construction and community building,which become the three dimensions of analyzing community governance.On the basis of institutional economics,this paper analyzes the development procession of community governance,community governance mode selection and management institution change,bottlenecks of community governance system,and thinking that community system innovation being the foundation to increase the capital stock and to promote the foundation of social capital,customs,ideology and values being all the important components of shaping social capital.The constructive characteristics of social capital requires that under the guidance of the administrative power,the community information exchange channel should be increased,the sub-optimal choice of community residents should be reduced,the level of residents'cooperative game should be enhanced;the rent-seeking behavior of industry authority should be curbed;the transaction costs of community governance should be reduced,the progress of community model in this way can be promoted.However,community governance system bottleneck from the issue of actuality separated with name blocks the formation of communities,so combining with the practice of community governance in our country,this explore the issue of community governance in three dimensions,to build the governance structure of“two-levels government,three-level management,four-level network”,in this way community autonomy can be expanded,social capital can be increased through institutional innovation,and then the community can be improved and constructed well.