类视黄醇X受体基因调控动物季节性发情和发情周期的研究进展

Research Progress on the Regulative Role of Retinoid X Receptors Gene in Animal Seasonal Estrus and Estrous Cycle

类视黄醇X受体(retinoid X receptors,RXRs)属于配体依赖性核受体家族成员。以往的许多研究揭示了RXRs在季节性发情和发情周期中的重要性,但由于RXRs必须与自身或者其他核受体形成二聚体才能发挥作用,且每种二聚体发挥的作用不同,使其在繁殖中的分子机制研究变成了难题。前人研究表明,RXRs在季节性发情动物下丘脑-垂体-性腺(HPG)轴组织中有不同水平的表达,THRs/RXRs、RARs/RXRs和PPARs/RXRs等二聚体能刺激下丘脑GnRH的释放达到调控季节性发情作用,同时参与调节卵巢颗粒细胞的增殖、卵巢血管组织重塑和类固醇生成从而影响动物发情周期中时期转换。本文总结了目前关于RXRs及其二聚体在动物季节性发情和发情周期不同繁殖活动中的作用,以期为后续研究提供参考依据。

Retinoid X receptors(RXRs)are members of the ligand-dependent nuclear receptor family.Many studies in the past have revealed the importance of RXRs in animal’s seasonal estrus and estrous cycles,but RXRs must form dimers with themselves or other nuclear receptors to work.Different dimers play different roles,therefore their molecular mechanism of playing role in reproduction is difficult to study.Some studies have shown that RXRs expressed at different levels in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal(HPG)axis tissues of seasonal estrus animals.Dimers of THRs/RXRs,RARs/RXRs and PPARs/RXRs can stimulate the release of GnRH in the hypothalamus to regulate seasonal estrus and proliferation of ovarian granulosa cells,remodeling of ovarian vascular tissue,and steroid production,which affect the animal estrous cycle conversion.This paper summarizes the role of RXRs and their dimers in the different reproductive activities related to seasonal estrus and estrous cycle of animals,and provides a reference for future research.