农村居民家庭养老方式选择的影响因素研究——基于闽南地区抽样问卷调查的分析

On Influencing Factors of Choices of Family Old-age Care Styles for Rural Residents——Analysis of Sampling Questionnaire Survey in Southern Fujian

家庭养老一直是我国农村最重要的养老方式。基于闽南农村地区的抽样调查数据显示,虽然我国农村家庭实际养老方式与意愿养老方式存在着一定的差距,但在养老的多种形式中,家庭养老仍处于主要地位。这一选择结果是养老被供养者与供养者互动影响下的最终决策。在这一双向选择过程中,养老被供养者处于被动地位,供养者处于主动、支配的地位。随着人口、社会和制度结构等转型的加快,我国以家庭养老为主要方式的养老模式正面临着前所未有的巨大挑战,建立健全覆盖农业人口在内的现代保障体系是社会发展的必然趋势。要进一步提高农村居民社会保障水平,提高他们的社会养老保险金待遇;同时要借鉴世界银行提出的老年经济安全“五支柱”模式,建立健全多层次的社会养老保险制度框架。

Family pension has always been the most important choice in China's rural areas. Based on the sample survey data of rural areas in southern Fujian, it is shown that although there is a certain gap between the actual and willingness ways of caring for the aged in rural families in China, the family pension is still in the main position in the various forms of caring for the aged, which is the final decision under the interaction of the pension dependents and the providers. In this two-way selection process, the old-age dependents are in a passive position, and the providers are in an active and dominant position.With the acceleration of the transformation of population, society and system structure, China's pension model with family pension as the main mode is facing unprecedented challenges. It is an inevitable trend of social development to establish and improve the modern security system covering the agricultural population. We should further improve the social security level of rural residents and upgrade their social pension benefits. Meanwhile, we should learn from the “Five Pillars” model of economic security for the elderly proposed by the World Bank, establish and improve a multilevel social pension insurance system framework.