生态伦理何以可能?——过程哲学的“泛灵论”思想视域

How Is Ecological Ethics Possible?——The Perspective of “Animism” in Process Philosophy

建设性后现代主义以怀特海过程哲学“泛经验论”为形而上学前提,倡导建构一种人与自然和合共生的伦理。“泛经验论”实质是一种“泛灵论”,泛灵论引导了过程哲学的主体性原则。这种泛灵论认为,宇宙中每一事物都是“有灵”抑或“经验”性存在,体现着“自然同一性原理”,它们作为经验主体都有价值,都值得被尊重。泛灵论摒弃“人类中心主义”,彰显人与自然之间的民主意识、平等意识,从而促成一种有机整体论的新型生态伦理观。

Constructive postmodernism takes the “pan-empiricism” of Whitehead’s process philosophy as its metaphysical premise,and advocates the construction of an ethic of human-nature coexistence.Panempiricism is essentially an animism,which guides the subjectivity principle of process philosophy.This “animism” believes that everything in the universe is a “spiritual” or “experiential” existence.Euerything is valuable as the subject of experience and deserves to be respected.Pananism abandons “anthropocentrism” and highlights the consciousness of democracy and equality between man and nature,thus contributing to a new ecological ethics of organic holism.