湛若水儒学体系构架及其思想影响

Zhan Ruoshui’s Confucianism System Framework and Its Ideological Impact

本体论和工夫论构成了湛若水儒学的基本框架。湛若水在人与自然“一本”的基础上贯通了心体与道体,以道体的中正、自然特征诠释心体的中正、自然理念,形成了儒学本体论体系。湛若水以“随处体认天理”为体认路径,以“勿忘勿助”为体证工夫,形成了儒学工夫论体系。道体作为客观的存在,有其自身的发展规律。以道体印证心体,在此基础上实现心无内外,是湛若水儒学区别于王阳明及阳明后学的重要特征。湛若水及其后学的思想对明朝中后期儒学的发展具有重要的影响,以道体印证心体、兼顾心体与道体的儒学架构,在一定程度上纠正了阳明后学中的易简派对心体阐释的偏颇;“随处体认天理”的体认路径与“勿忘勿助”的体证工夫在一定程度上纠正了阳明后学中的易简派对儒学易简性的过度诠释。

Both paying attention to the noumenon of heart and the noumenon of the nature,by knowing the justice everywhere as the route,by “No Helpping” and “No Forgetting” as the knowing skill,this is the basic framework of the confucianism of Zhan Ruoshui and the skill theory system.The noumenon of the nature possess the development law of itself.Confirming the noumenon of heart by the noumenon of the nature,and achieving no dividing inside and outside on the ground of the former,which is the important characteristics to distinguish the confucianism of Zhan Ruoshui and the confucianism of Wang Yangming and his scholar of younger age.The confucianism of Zhan Ruoshui and his scholar of younger age influenced the development of Confucianism in the middle and late Ming Dynasty importantly.The confucianism framework of confirming the noumenon of heart by the noumenon of the nature and giveing consideration to the noumenon of heart and the noumenon of the nature balancedly corrected the deflection about the noumenon of heart by the scholar of younger age of Wang Yangming.The road by kowing the justice everywhere and the kowing skill by “No Helpping” and “No Forgetting” corrected the excessive interpretation about the simple of Confucianism.