阿诺德文化批评之音的中国回响——谈学衡派与阿诺德

The Influence of Arnold’s Cultural Criticism on Xueheng School

马修·阿诺德保守的文化批评影响深远,20世纪初美国以白璧德等人为代表的新人文主义就深受其熏陶,我国重要的文化保守群体——学衡派亦深受阿诺德影响,加之学衡派又大多奉新人文主义为圭臬,更加剧了这种亲近感。学衡派以阿诺德为护身符,与激进的新文化派就如何建设新文化展开了激烈的论战。阿诺德每现诸学衡派笔端,都以新文化派死敌的面目示人。阿诺德所现之处,即是两派根本分歧所在。在这个意义上说,阿诺德或为20世纪初我国文化激进与保守之争的一个缩影。考察学衡派笔下的阿诺德与学衡派对其“文化”“非利士人”“无功利”的批评法则的改写及其意图,可窥见百年前两派关于建设新文化的根本分歧与不同路径。

The influence of Matthew Arnold’s conservative cultural criticism is far-reaching and the New Humanism represented by Irving Babbitt inherited his ideas.Xueheng School,which is the important culturally conservative group in the 20th century of China in New Humanism shared ideas of cultural conservatism with Arnold.Xueheng’s cultural conservatism,as an attemption to search for modern transformation of Chinese culture,is traced back to Arnold whose conservative criticism was taken to combat cultural radicalism of New Culture school to propose their paradigm of “New Culture”.Arnold,the representation of disagreement between Xueheng School and New Culture School witnessed their campaign.Wherever Arnold was mentioned by Xueheng School,he was described as the opponent of New Culture School.Examination of Arnold described by Xueheng School,their rewriting of “culture”,“Philistine”,“disinterestedness” and its intention sheds light on the principle disagreement and different choice of Xueheng School and New Culture School about our new culture construction.