庐山和井冈山不同海拔高度野生油茶籽油及化学成分的比较

Comparison of Oil and Chemical Compositions of Wild Tea Seeds from Different Altitudes Above Sea Level in Lushan and Jinggangshan

受降水量和气温等气象因子的影响,不同纬度和海拔地区油茶籽油的品质可能存在差异。本研究比较了江西省井冈山、庐山地区不同海拔高度的野生油茶籽含油率及营养成分。井冈山狮子岩830~880 m处油茶籽粗脂肪含量最高达0.561 g/g,水酶法获得油脂含量为0.294 g/g,油中角鲨烯和α-生育酚含量分别为0.176mg/g和0.187 mg/g;井冈山园潭不同海拔高度油茶籽粗脂肪含量为0.516~0.551 g/g,水酶法获得油脂含量为0.284~0.324 g/g,MUFA占总脂肪酸比例最高达79.671%~81.343%,α-生育酚含量较低,为0.063~0.160 mg/g,园潭不同海拔高度茶渣中茶皂素含量最低为0.126~0.223 g/g;庐山830~880 m处油茶籽粗脂肪含量与园潭相似,而其它海拔高度粗脂肪含量则低于园潭,水酶法提取的油脂含量为0.153~0.278 g/g,油中α-生育酚含量最高,为0.119~0.267 mg/g,茶粕中茶皂素含量整体较高为0.245~0.296 g/g,其中358~388 m处最高为0.296 g/g。结果表明,不同地区和不同海拔高度油茶籽油脂含量及其化学成分存在较大差别,庐山油茶籽油多不饱和脂肪酸、维生素E和茶皂素含量最高,井冈山狮子岩粗脂肪、角鲨烯含量最高。本研究可为野生油茶遗传资源的挖掘与利用提供参考。

The nutritional value of camellia oil is affected by altitude, rainfall and temperature, etc.. camellia oil was extracted and its nutrition composition was analyzed to compare their difference of wild tea seeds from different altitudes in Jinggangshan, Lushan region in Jiangxi province. The results showed that tea seed in 830-880 m of Jinggangshan(Shiziyan) has the highest crude fat content, which is 0.561 g/g, the oil content obtained by water enzymatic method is 0.294 g/g, the squalene and Alpha-tocopherol content of oil is 0.176 mg/g and 0.187 mg/g respectively. From Yuantan of Jinggangshan region, of which the crude fat content is 0.516-0.551 g/g, the oil content obtained by water enzymatic method is 0.284-0.324 g/g, the MUFA content is 79.671%-81.343% which highest than other fatty acids, alpha-tocopherol contents in different altitude are different which is 0.063-0.160 mg/g and 420-450 m is not detected, the lowest tea saponin content of tea seed cake is 0.245-0.296 g/g. Lushan mountain, 830-880 meters crude fat content is similar to Yuantan of Jinggangshan, other altitude are lower, the oil content which attend by water enzymatic method is 0.153-0.278 g/g, alpha-tocopherol content is 0.119-0.267 mg/g, Tea saponin content of tea seed cake have a high overall which is 0.245-0.296 g/g, of which 358-388 m is the highest, up to 0.296 g/g. The results showed that tea seed oil from the Lushan have higher content of PUFA, vitamin E and saponin. Tea seed oil from Shiziyan of Jinggangsan have high content of crude fat, squalene. The results can provide reference for tea seed breeding.