美国农村城镇化历程、动力机制及特点研究

Research on the Process, Synergic Forces and Features of Rural Urbanization in the United States

基于农村城镇化的概念界定,提出美国农村城镇化历程以1945年为界,分为前期的“大迁移,小集中”和后期的“大逆流,广集聚”两大发展阶段。其发展的动力机制可以从资源禀赋潜力、工业化双向动力,以及政策制度牵引力三层动力合成并协同共轭推进;最后,总结美国城镇化发展模式,并讨论其对中国城镇化的借鉴意义。

Focusing on“ rural urbanization”, this paper analyzed the rural urbanization course in the history of America. We proposed that, with the year 1945 as the turning point, the whole urbanization course in the USA could be divided into two distinct phases, namely the “great migration and small concentration” before 1945 and“ big return and wide aggregation” after 1945. Moreover, such an urbanization course was found to be driven mainly by three synergic forces including the resources-oriented potential, the two-way industrial power and the traction power of an encouraging policy system. Finally, this paper summarized the development mode of urbanization in the USA, hoping to provide a reference for the urbanization in China.