三个蜂种百花蜜的主要成分比较分析

A Comparison of the Main Components of Honey of Various Flowers Produced by Three Bee Species

【目的】比较分析新疆黑蜂、中华蜜蜂、喀尔巴阡蜂所酿造的百花蜜的主要成分及含量的差异。【方法】根据《中华人民共和国药典》中所记载的方法测定蜂蜜的糖度、酸度、淀粉和糊精、5-羟甲基糠醛含量、还原糖含量五项指标;采用硫酸苯酚法测定可溶性糖含量;采用Folin-Ciocucalteu比色法测定总酚酸含量;采用亚硝酸钠-硝酸铝法测定总黄酮含量;采用考马斯亮蓝染色法测定蛋白质含量;采用试管比色法测定淀粉酶活性。【结果】三种百花蜜的含糖量存在明显差异,新疆黑蜂蜂蜜的糖度、还原糖含量、可溶性糖含量、黄酮含量均高于其它两种蜂蜜。三种蜂蜜都有较高的酚酸含量。而蜂蜜中蛋白含量和淀粉酶活性则是喀尔巴阡蜂蜂蜜较高。【结论】不同蜂种酿制的蜂蜜主要成分存在一定差异。

【Objective】This study is to compare the differences in the main components of the honeys of various flowers produced by Apis cerana, Apis mellifera carpatica and Xinjiang subspecies of Apis mellifera mellifera.【Methods】According to the methods described in the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China, the contents of sugar, acidity, starch and dextrin, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and reducing sugar of the honeys were determined. The soluble sugar content was determined by phenol sulfate method. The total phenolic acid content was determined by Folin-Ciocucalteu colorimetric method. The total flavonoid content was determined by sodium nitrite-aluminum nitrate method. The protein content was determined by Coomassie blue staining. The amylase activity was determined by colorimetry.【Results】There were significant differences in the sugar content of the three kinds of honey. The contents of sugar, reducing sugar, soluble sugar and flavonoid in the honey of Xinjiang black bees were higher than those of the other two kinds of honey.All three kinds of honeys have a high phenolic acid content. The protein content and amylase activity in the honey of Apis mellifera carpatica are higher than the other two kinds of honey.【Conclusion】There were differences in the main components of honeys produced by different bee species.