果园喷雾机械及技术的研究现状

Research Status of Orchard Spray Machinery and Technology

液体压力式喷雾机和气力式喷雾机被广泛应用于果园植保作业,但由于喷雾技术缺陷仍存在药液利用率低以及无法按需施药等问题。静电与变量喷雾技术能有效提高农药沉积率,减少农药漂移,更好的满足节水省药的作业需求,从而得到了广泛应用。本文对液体压力式喷雾机和气力式喷雾机,静电和变量喷雾技术的研究进展分别进行了阐述,并对喷雾机械未来发展进行了展望,在农机农艺深入融合背景下,自动化喷雾系统集成研究与产品化将成为热点,果园喷雾机械药量控制方法与系统开发将成为重要研究方向,根据作业对象,选取合适的喷雾机械,搭载静电喷雾与变量喷雾系统来提高药液利用率将成为果园喷雾机械的未来趋势。

Hydraulic pressure sprayer and pneumatic sprayer are widely used in plant protection. However, due to the defects of spray technology, there are still some problems such as low utilization rate of liquid medicine and ineffective spraying. Electrostatic and variable spray technology can effectively improve the rate of pesticide deposition, reduce pesticide drift, and better meet the operational requirements of water-saving drugs, which has been widely used. In this paper, the research progress of liquid pressure sprayer and pneumatic sprayer, electrostatic and variable spray technology are described respectively, and the future development of spray machine is prospected. Under the background of in-depth integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy, the research and product integration of automatic spray system will become a hot topic. Orchard spray machinery quantity control method and system development will become the important research direction. According to the object of operation, selecting suitable spraying machinery, carrying electrostatic spray and variable spray technology to improve the utilization rate of liquid will become the future trend of orchard spraying machinery.