渭北长武苹果腐烂病发病状况与病因分析

Current Status and the Cause Analysis of Apple Canker in Changwu of the Northern Weihe River

研究渭北长武苹果腐烂病的发生特点及发病原因。苹果腐烂病是我国北方苹果树重要的真菌性病害。在渭北苹果腐烂病的总体病株率达到35%,病疤率达到40%。病疤类型以新生病疤为主,主要出现在主干或中心干上,向阳面偏多。树龄大和营养状况差仍然是腐烂病发生的重要因素。剪锯口发病最多,冻伤、分枝裂口对腐烂病的发生也有影响。在苹果生长季节,4月至5月下旬病疤直径增长相对较快,6月至9月中旬,病疤直径增长缓慢,中间出现2次小的波动,秋季再次出现小的病疤面积增长小高峰。该研究为渭北苹果腐烂病的综合防控和苹果产业发展措施制定提供了科学依据。

The occurrence characteristics and causes of apple canker in Changwu of the northern Weihe River were studied. Apple canker was an important fungal disease of apple trees in northern China. The overall disease rate of apple canker was 35%, and the scar rate was 40% in the northern Weihe River. The type of scar was mainly new scar, which mainly appeared on the trunk or central trunk, and more on the sunward side. Older age and poor nutritional status were still important factors in the occurrence of apple canker. The incidences of cutting edge were the most common. Frostbite and branching crack also had an effect on the occurrence of apple canker. In the apple growing season, the diameter of scar increased relatively fast in late April-May. From midJune to mid-September, the diameter of scar increased slowly, with two small fluctuations in the middle, and a small peak of the growth of the scar area appeared again in autumn. This study provided a scientific basis for the comprehensive prevention and control of apple canker and the formulation of measures for the development of apple industry in the northern Weihe River.