贵南县气候变化对春小麦生长发育及产量的影响评价

Impact of Climate Change on Growth and Yield of Spring Wheat in Guinan County

利用贵南县气象站2012-2018年春小麦观测记录,对生长发育状况及产量结构进行分析,结合发育期间温度、降水、日照等气象要素,建立影响春小麦产量的小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重结构因素的预报模型,对2012-2018年产量结构因素做评估检验。分析找到贵南春小麦蛋白质含量、淀粉含量较低,高白度不高的气候原因:灌浆到成熟期,贵南地区正处汛期,雨热同期,日平均气温13.3℃,降水量过多和土壤含水量偏高不利于蛋白质生成,水分过多也致使面筋弹性降低,品质下降。虽然2012-2018年贵南春小麦产量有增加趋势,但播种面积逐年减少,作为半农半牧区群众主要食物的原材料,改良品种,培育优质高产适合河谷农业生产的品种势在必行。

Based on the observation records of spring wheat from 2012 to2018 at Guinan Meteorological Station,the growth and development status and yield structure of spring wheat were analyzed.Combining with the meteorological factors such as temperature,precipitation and sunshine during the development period,the prediction model of spikelet number,grain number per spike and1000-grain weight structure factors affecting the yield of spring wheat was established,and the yield structure factors from 2012 to 2018 were evaluated and tested.The climatic reasons of low protein content,starch content and low whiteness of spring wheat in Guinan were found:from grain filling to maturity,Guinan was in flood season with the same period of rain and heat,the average daily temperature was 13.3℃. Excessive precipitation and high soil moisture were not conducive to protein production,and excessive moisture also led to the decrease of gluten elasticity and quality.Although the yield of spring wheat in Guinan increased from 2012 to 2018,the sown area decreased year by year. As the raw material of the main food for the people in semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas,it was imperative to improve varieties and cultivate varieties with high quality and yield suitable for agricultural production in valleys.