儿童及青少年失眠的临床特征及治疗研究概况

Overview of clinical and therapeutic research on insomnia in children and adolescents

儿童及青少年是生命历程的关键阶段,许多有助于确定当前和未来健康结果的行为模式在此间得以确立,儿童及青少年精神卫生保健至关重要。儿童及青少年失眠受青春期生理发育、学校及家庭等社会环境、心理行为等多种因素影响,囊括了入睡困难、睡眠时间不足、睡眠质量差和日间困倦等一系列症状,明显影响其精神状态和生活学习质量。儿童及青少年失眠的治疗方法以睡眠卫生教育、认知行为治疗和正念冥想等综合治疗为主。笔者从失眠的相关成因、症状和治疗方法3个方面对儿童及青少年失眠作一综述,为其临床诊疗提供参考。

Children and adolescents are at a crucial stage of life course,in which many behavioral patterns that help determine current and future health outcomes are established.Mental health care at this stage is indispensable.Insomnia in children and adolescents is affected by a variety of factors such as physiological development,social environment such as school and family,psychological behavior.Insomnia in children and adolescents includes a series of symptoms such as difficulty in falling asleep,lack of sleep time,poor sleep quality and daytime sleepiness,which significantly affect their mental state,the quality of life and learning.The treatment methods for insomnia in children and adolescents include sleep hygiene education,cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness meditation.In this paper,a review of insomnia in children and adolescents has been summarized from three aspects(the causes,symptoms and treatments)to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.