构建安全之网:美国生物国防计划评析

Building the Security Network:An Analysis of the US Biodefense Plan

生物国防是国防战略的重要组成部分,自“9·11”事件和“炭疽邮件”事件以来,美国高度重视生物国防体系的构筑和部署,其目的是防范生物武器袭击和生物技术滥用给美国造成的负面影响。美国生物国防计划是一项基于风险防治的国家安全和公共安全计划,同时还是一项立足于发展生物科学和生物高科技的新型战略计划。基于此,小布什、奥巴马和特朗普政府通过颁布大量的法律文件和财政拨款大力实施生物国防计划,为生物国防计划的开展提供了法律保障、资金保障和技术保障。并且,随着联邦政府部门、州和地方政府、生物科技企业与大学的参与,以及反生物恐怖活动的联邦机构的设立和应对生物恐怖主义的信息系统的完善,一个较为完整的生物国防体系和安全之网正在被构建起来。美国的生物国防计划历经多年的发展与变革,尽管取得了较多重大成果,提高了防御生物威胁的能力,但依然存在一些问题。美国生物国防计划的发展和生物国防体系的构建为我们提供了参考与借鉴。

Biodefense is an important part of the national defense strategy.Since the 9/11 terrorist attack and the anthrax mail incident,the US has attached great importance to the construction and deployment of the biodefense system,with the aim of preventing negative impacts of biological weapon attacks and biotechnology abuse on the US.The US biodefense plan is the national security and public safety plan based on risk prevention and a brand new strategic plan based on the development of bioscience and biotechnology.In view of this,administrations of Bush,Obama and Trump have vigorously implemented the biodefense plan by enacting a large number of legal documents and making financial appropriations,thus providing legal,financial and technical support for the development of the plan.Moreover,with the participation of federal government departments,state and local governments,biotechnology companies and universities,the establishment of federal agencies for anti-terrorism activities,as well as the improvement of information system for bioterrorism management,a relatively complete biological defense system and security network are gradually being built.After years of development and reform,American biodefense plan has achieved more significant results and improved its ability to defend against biological threats,but some problems still exist.Valuable reference and lessons could be drawn from the development of American biodefense plan and the construction of the biodefense system.