卫星共视与基线长度及卫星高度关系的研究

A study on the relationship between satellite’s common view, baseline length and satellite altitude

甚长基线干涉测量(VLBI)观测技术具有很高的角分辨率、位置分辨率和时延分辨率,广泛用于航天、天体测量、大地测量、行星科学、卫星导航乃至基础物理等诸多领域。中国科学院国家授时中心建立了我国第一套测地型宽带VLBI 网,观测基线长度4 000 km,并具备对射电源和卫星的宽、窄带观测能力,能够自主开展地球自转参数(EOP)测定和VLBI 卫星跟踪观测研究。研究了卫星共视角和卫星高度及基线长度的关系,在VLBI 系统在卫星共视方面针对MEO(medium earth orbit),IGSO(inclined geosynchronous orbit)可观测时段进行了研究,对导航卫星,特别是北斗卫星系统的VLBI 观测作了可行性进行分析,为宽带VLBI 观测系统观测北斗导航卫星提供了技术支撑。

Very long baseline interferometry technology has high resolution for the angle, position and time delay, that has been widely used in aerospace, astrometry, geodesy, planetary science, satellite navigation, and even basic physics. The National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences established the first set of geodetic wide-band VLBI networks in China with base line of 4 000 kilometers. It is capable of measuring both wide-band radio sources and narrow-band man-made signals, i.e., satellites and space craft that can be used to measure the Earth orientation parameters (EOP) and satellite tracking. A scheduling program is developed for scheduling satellites observations. Based on such tool, in this paper, we investigated the relationship between satellite common view, satellite altitude and baseline length, especially for the common view of MEOs and IGSOs. The feasibility of tacking navigation satellites with the NTSC VLBI system was studied that that provides technical support for VLBI observation of the Beidou navigation satellites.