成人急性白血病患者化疗期间膳食摄入现状及影响因素分析

Determinants of Dietary Intake in Adult Acute Leukemia Patients during Chemotherapy

目的调查成人急性白血病患者化疗期间的膳食摄入现状,探讨其影响因素,为临床医务人员制定干预措施提供参考。方法采用量性与质性相结合的方法,通过食物频率调查问卷对105例成人急性白血病患者化疗前和化疗后的膳食摄入情况进行调查,并采用最大差异法选取16例成人急性白血病患者进行半结构式访谈以深入探讨影响膳食摄入的因素。结果成人急性白血病患者化疗期间九大类膳食的摄入量均有所下降,81%的患者能量摄入达不到指南推荐量,59%的患者蛋白质摄入达不到指南推荐量;患者膳食摄入的影响因素包括治疗相关因素、个人因素和支持系统因素三方面。结论成人急性白血病患者化疗期间膳食摄入情况不佳,临床医务人员应加强对患者的营养教育与管理。

Objective To investigate the dietary intake status of adult acute leukemia patients during chemotherapy,and to analyze the determinants of dietary intake,so as to provide reference for formulating targeted intervention.Methods A mixed-methods study design was used.The dietary intake of 105 patients with acute leukemia before and after chemotherapy was investigated by food frequency questionnaire.The maximum difference method was used to select 16 patients with acute leukemia for semi-structured interviews to explore the determinants of dietary intake.Results The intake of nine categories of diet in patients with acute leukemia all decreased during chemotherapy.About 81%of patients did not meet the recommended energy intake and 59%did not meet the recommended protein intake.The determinants of patients’dietary intake include treatment-related factors,personal factors and supporting system factors.Conclusions The dietary intake of adult acute leukemia patients during chemotherapy is not optimistic,and the clinical medical staff should strengthen the nutrition education and management of these patients.